A modelling framework for the diffusion of low carbon energy performance contracts

Papachristos, George

doi:10.1007/s12053-020-09866-4

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The risks faced by ESCOs are mainly related to contractual risks. G. Papachristos et al [39] argued that whether an ESCO will have a good balance depends on the contract regarding the EPC project and the risk allocation with the third-party company. The contract between the ESCO and the third-party company also involves a certain degree of risk, such as the terms of service, equipment operation, energy prices, and financial credit.…”

Section: Risks Of Epcmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cooperation Model for EPC Energy Conservation Projects Considering Carbon Emission Rights: A Case from China

Luo,

Pan,

Han

et al. 2024

Energies

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This paper introduces an innovative cooperative model for energy efficiency retrofitting that incorporates carbon emission rights, addressing critical financial constraints in Energy Performance Contracting (EPC). By employing the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) to evaluate risk assessment indicators and stakeholder contributions and utilizing the enhanced Shapley method for equitable benefit distribution, the model demonstrates significant improvements in financing and efficiency for energy conservation projects. The findings are as follows: (1) the energy efficiency retrofit model, which integrates carbon emission rights, effectively alleviates the financial constraints and fosters energy conservation and emission reduction in guaranteed-savings EPC projects; (2) the enhanced Shapley method is deemed appropriate for the equitable distribution of energy-saving benefits among stakeholders; (3) when compared with the traditional model and the benefit allocation-absent carbon rights, the energy-saving benefits of the energy efficiency retrofit model incorporating carbon emission rights are higher in individual and overall terms. The findings of this study offer a viable solution to financing challenges faced by stakeholders in such projects and delineate a pragmatic approach for enterprises to enhance energy efficiency and reduce emissions.

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Section: Risks Of Epcmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cooperation Model for EPC Energy Conservation Projects Considering Carbon Emission Rights: A Case from China

Luo,

Pan,

Han

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…Constructing a net-zero-carbon building requires careful planning and execution throughout the construction phase. This includes setting performance specifications for materials and energy systems in contracts and subcontracts (Wang et al 2019, Papachristos 2020. It is essential to select experienced and knowledgeable contractors with the right resources, selecting the right providers with ecological and locally sourced products, and having a waste management plan that aims to reduce, reuse and recycle (Kamali and Hewage 2016, Kabirifar et al 2021, Yu et al 2021, Braulio-Gonzalo et al 2022.…”

Section: Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net zero emission buildings: a review of academic literature and national roadmaps

Þórólfsdóttir,

Árnadóttir,

Heinonen

2023

Environ. Res.: Infrastruct. Sustain.

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Addressing the growing issue of climate change demands active measures. With its significant carbon footprint, the building industry needs to make immediate efforts contributing to achieving the Paris Agreement’s objective of restricting global warming to 1.5 °C. This review focuses on net zero emission buildings (NZEBs) which are claimed to offer a viable option to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the built environment. The review covers both the recent academic literature on NZEBs, and the NZEB roadmaps from the member organizations of the World Green Building Council, focusing on those Green Building Councils actively working to implement NZEBs in their local contexts. By synthesizing a broad range of viewpoints and practices derived from academic literature and roadmaps, this review provides a holistic overview of the different perspectives to the current state of NZEBs and to their future. The review shows that NZEBs have the potential to provide significant environmental, economic, and social advantages, improving the built environment’s overall sustainability. The review also promotes a more thorough understanding over NZEBs that can facilitate collaborative policymaking and action amongst stakeholders.

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“…As a specific example, an energy performance contract establishes a link between building equipment and energy performance gains. The payments provide builders and operators with a long-term incentive to maintain and improve equipment performance [26,27]. This contrasts with contractors in a conventional project who are not involved in the operation of equipment or maintenance, which removes any incentive to improve equipment performance after installation [26].…”

Section: Current Practice Of Performance-based Contractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Building Twins and Blockchain for Performance-Based (Smart) Contracts

Hunhevicz

Motie

Hall

2021

Blockchain and the Digital Twin

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Performance contracts used for servitized business models enable consideration of overall life-cycle costs rather than just production costs. However, practical implementation of performance contracts has been limited due to challenges with performance evaluation, accountability, and financial concepts. As a solution, this paper proposes the connection of the digital building twin with blockchain-based smart contracts to execute performance-based digital payments. First, we conceptualize a technical architecture to connect blockchain to digital building twins. The digital building twin stores and evaluates performance data in real-time while the blockchain ensures transparency and trusted execution of automatic performance evaluation and rewards through smart contracts. Next, we demonstrate the feasibility of both the concept and technical architecture by integrating the Ethereum blockchain with digital building models and sensors via the Siemens building twin platform. The resulting prototype is the first full-stack implementation of a performance-based smart contract in the built environment.

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A modelling framework for the diffusion of low carbon energy performance contracts

Cited by 7 publications

References 99 publications

A Cooperation Model for EPC Energy Conservation Projects Considering Carbon Emission Rights: A Case from China

A Cooperation Model for EPC Energy Conservation Projects Considering Carbon Emission Rights: A Case from China

Net zero emission buildings: a review of academic literature and national roadmaps

Digital Building Twins and Blockchain for Performance-Based (Smart) Contracts

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