A Model Tree-Based Vehicle Emission Model at Freeway Toll Plazas

Abstract

With the increased concern over sustainable development, many efforts have been made to alleviate air quality deterioration. Freeway toll plazas can cause serious pollution, due to the increased emissions caused by stop-and-go operations. Different toll collections and different fuel types obviously influence the vehicle emissions at freeway toll plazas. Therefore, this paper proposes a model tree-based vehicle emission model by considering these factors. On-road emissions data and vehicle operation data were obtained from two different freeway toll plazas. The statistical analysis indicates that different methods of toll collection and fuel types have significant impacts on vehicle emissions at freeway toll plazas. The performance of the proposed model was compared with a polynomial regression method. Based on the results, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) of the proposed model were all smaller, while the R-squared value increased from 0.714 to 0.833. Finally, the variations of vehicle emissions at different locations of freeway toll plazas were calculated and shown in heat maps. The results of this study can help better estimate the vehicle emissions and give advice to the development of electronic toll collection (ETC) lanes and relevant policies at freeway toll plazas.

Econometric modeling for energy losses and GHG emissions scenario: a governance case for toll digitalization

“…Most of the toll plaza system in the world are manual where vehicles have to be in queue and to wait from 2 to 50 seconds [11]. Thus, a big chunk of energy is lost [15] with increase in emissions at these manually operated toll plazas [16,17]. These two variables of manual toll system not only increase the domestic oil demand due to wastage of oil but also put pressure on country's Balance of payments (BOPs).…”

Method for Rationalising the Operational Process of a Manual Motorway Toll Collection System

“…There are many works [ 28 , 29 ] related to the analysis of fuel consumption by vehicles participating in the toll collection process. For example, the paper [ 29 ] deals with a very important topic concerning the analysis of the fuel consumption of vehicles involved in the tolling process in electronic and manual tolling systems in China, where traffic is very heavy.…”