A model to determine hole spacing in the rock fracture process by non-explosive expansion material

Arshadnejad, Shobeir; Goshtasbi, Kamran; Aghazadeh, J.

doi:10.1007/s12613-011-0470-5

Cited by 61 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…SCDA also known as soundless cracking agents, expansive demolition agents, expansive concrete, non-explosive demolition agents [34][35][36][37][38][39][40], are such alternative rock fragmentation agents. The material used in the soundless cracking is a cementitious powdery substance and when it is hydrated at an appropriate temperature its quantity expands through the formation of ettringite (3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·3CaSO 4 ·32H 2 O) and calcium oxide (CaO) hydration.…”

Section: Is There a More Effective Methods For Rock Fragmentation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expansive compounds present in cement [48]. However, volumetric expansion of SCDAs is mainly caused by the exothermic reaction of CaO under hydration as given by Equation (1) [34,40,56]:…”

Section: Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when interpreting this information in the context of rocks, the possible final expansive pressures variation with borehole size should be considered, because a reduction in confinement may be caused by varying elasticity moduli of different rocks. For a rock with a large modulus of elasticity, SCDAs can generate high pressures while for weaker rocks the expansive pressure will be lower [34].…”

Section: Influence Of Borehole Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimum Usage Strategies For Soundless Chemical Demolition Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, borehole characteristics as diameter and spacing play a major role as expansive pressure development is occurred in there. However, to date, only a limited research has been conducted to find the optimum borehole spacing for a maximum usage of SCDA fracturing process [34,60,[102][103][104]. Gomez and Mura [60] proposed a model to find the optimum borehole spacing (S) as follows: S = kD (12) in which, D is the borehole diameter and k is an experimental coefficient based on physical properties of different rock types and expansive cement given by Equation (13): (13) where, σ c is the fracture stress of the rock; ω is the free expansion strain of the SCDA; µ, ν are the shear modulus and Poisson's ratio of the rock material; and µ*, ν* are corresponding quantities of SCDA filled hole.…”

Section: Optimum Usage Strategies For Soundless Chemical Demolition Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Alternative to Conventional Rock Fragmentation Methods Using SCDA: A Review

2016

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Global energy and material consumption are expected to rise in exponential proportions during the next few decades, generating huge demands for deep earth energy (oil/gas) recovery and mineral processing. Under such circumstances, the continuation of existing methods in rock fragmentation in such applications is questionable due to the proven adverse environmental impacts associated with them. In this regard; the possibility of using more environmentally friendly options as Soundless Chemical Demolition Agents (SCDAs) play a vital role in replacing harmful conventional rock fragmentation techniques for gas; oil and mineral recovery. This study reviews up to date research on soundless cracking demolition agent (SCDA) application on rock fracturing including its limitations and strengths, possible applications in the petroleum industry and the possibility of using existing rock fragmentation models for SCDA-based rock fragmentation; also known as fracking. Though the expansive properties of SCDAs are currently used in some demolition works, the poor usage guidelines available reflect the insufficient research carried out on its material's behavior. SCDA is a cementitious powdery substance with quicklime (CaO) as its primary ingredient that expands upon contact with water; which results in a huge expansive pressure if this CaO hydration reaction occurs in a confined condition. So, the mechanism can be used for rock fragmentation by injecting the SCDA into boreholes of a rock mass; where the resulting expansive pressure is sufficient to create an effective fracture network in the confined rock mass around the borehole. This expansive pressure development, however, dependent on many factors, where formation water content creates a negative influence on this due to required greater degree of hydration under greater water contents and temperature creates a positive influence by accelerating the reaction. Having a precise understanding of the fracture propagation mechanisms when using SCDA is important due to the formation of complex fracture networks in rocks. Several models can be found in the literature based on the tangential and radial stresses acting on a rock mass surrounding an SCDA charged borehole. Those fracture models with quasi-static fracturing mechanism that occurs in Mode I type tensile failure show compatibility with SCDA fracturing mechanisms. The effect of borehole diameter, spacing and the arrangement on expansive pressure generation and corresponding fracture network generation is important in the SCDA fracturing process and effective handling of them would pave the way to creating an optimum fracture network in a targeted rock formation. SCDA has many potential applications in unconventional gas and oil recovery and in-situ mining in mineral processing. However, effective utilization of SCDA in such application needs much extensive research on the performance of SCDA with respect to its potential applications, particularly when considering unique issues arising in using SCDA in different ...

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Section: Is There a More Effective Methods For Rock Fragmentation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expansive compounds present in cement [48]. However, volumetric expansion of SCDAs is mainly caused by the exothermic reaction of CaO under hydration as given by Equation (1) [34,40,56]:…”

Section: Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Borehole Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimum Usage Strategies For Soundless Chemical Demolition Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimum Usage Strategies For Soundless Chemical Demolition Amentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An Alternative to Conventional Rock Fragmentation Methods Using SCDA: A Review

2016

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A study on the optimal use of soundless cracking demolition agents in fragmentations of concrete based on the extended finite element method

Zhong

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2022

Structural Concrete

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Soundless cracking technique has been widely applied in the demolition of rock and concrete structures because of its cleaner advantages compared with conventional explosive methods. However, the correlations between fracturing processes and characteristics of soundless cracking demolition agents (SCDAs) and the optimal use of SCDA in improving the efficiency of demolition are still poorly documented. In this concern, this study develops a reliable numerical model verified by experimental data to investigate the optimal use of SCDA in fragmentations of concrete based on the extended finite element method. The simulated results reveal that the minimum hole diameter is 26 mm required to break the concrete cube of 150 mm, and the crack process can be divided into three phases of initiation, propagation, and coalescence according to the energy release rate. Moreover, the proposed method is employed in simulating the crack process of meter-scale concrete blocks with two predrilled holes, and the optimal hole spacing of 350 mm is then determined. This study provides some insights for improving the efficiency of SCDA in the field applications.

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Effect of longitudinal reinforcement on the soundless chemical demolition degree of reinforced concrete columns

Zheng

Tian

et al. 2022

Structural Concrete

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Soundless chemical demolition has great potential for application in the field of building demolition in densely built areas. However, the application of this method was limited due to less guidance can be applied to reinforced concrete. Thus, this study investigated the effect of longitudinal reinforcement on the crushing degree of concrete columns. Experimental results showed that the number of steel bars had a greater impact on the development of crack width than diameter. Moreover, the longitudinal reinforcement had a greater impact on the transverse cracks than other types of cracks. This study introduced fractal dimension and characteristic value of specimen to describe the overall crushing degree and reinforcement arrangement of the specimens, respectively. The fractal dimension increased with an increase in the characteristic value. This study explored the influence of longitudinal reinforcement on the crushing degree of concrete columns, which laid the foundation for soundless chemical demolition of buildings in densely built areas.

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A model to determine hole spacing in the rock fracture process by non-explosive expansion material

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

An Alternative to Conventional Rock Fragmentation Methods Using SCDA: A Review

An Alternative to Conventional Rock Fragmentation Methods Using SCDA: A Review

A study on the optimal use of soundless cracking demolition agents in fragmentations of concrete based on the extended finite element method

Effect of longitudinal reinforcement on the soundless chemical demolition degree of reinforced concrete columns

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