A Model to Analyze Formation of Dioxins in the High Temperature Regions of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

Chlorophenol Reactions on Fly Ash. 1. Adsorption/Desorption Equilibria and Conversion to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins

“…A recent EPA study has concluded that up to 50% of the known dioxin sources in the environment may be derived from waste combustion (1). Experiments with municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash in our laboratory (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) and many other laboratories (7)(8)(9)(10) suggest that PCDD/F are formed readily in the lower temperature (250-400 °C) post-combustion zones of the incinerator. Metal species found in the fly ash are hypothesized to catalyze PCDD/F formation reactions at these low temperatures.…”

The Effect of the Electric Field on the Formation of PCDD in Electrostatic Precipitators

“…Most experimental studies about the formation of PCDD in incinerators have concentrated on heterogeneous mechanisms where PCDD are formed on the surface of fly ash particles. These include results from experiments involving de novo synthesis [11,12] and formation in the presence of potential gas phase precursors [13,9] Modeling studies reported by Shaub [15], and Kolluri and Altwicker [16] assumed that PCDD are formed on the surface of fly ash particles in the presence of gas phase precursors such as chlorophenols and chlorobenzenes. There have also been modeling studies reported about the effects of times scales and reentrainment of fly ash particles on the formation of PCDD in ESPs [17,18,19,20].…”