A Model System for the Study of Fungus — Host Surface Interactions: Adhesion of Phytophthora Megasperma to Protoplasts and Mesophyll Cells of Soybean

Hohl, Hans R.; Balsiger, Sylvia

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71652-2_25

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Evidence for mechanisms of the lectin type has often been found in the related field of parasite-host associations, involving microsymbionts, bacteria or fungi, and both animals and higher plants (Hohl and Balsiger, 1986). Although lectin involvement in symbiosis has been extensively investigated in Rhizobium-Leguminosae associations, little work has been done on the molecular mechanisms responsible for recognition and specificity during mycorrhizae formation.…”

Section: Table II Ammo Add Composition Of Ldetlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Lectin from Lactarius deterrimus (Research on the Possible Involvement of the Fungal Lectin in Recognition between Mushroom and Spruce during the Early Stages of Mycorrhizae Formation)

Giollant¹,

Guillot²,

Damez³

et al. 1993

Plant Physiol.

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A lectin (LDetL) was isolated from carpophores of the mushroom Lactarius deterrimus, a specific symbiont of the spruce, by a combination of affinity, hydroxylapatite, and gel-filtration chromatography. Its molecular mass, as determined by gel filtration, is about 37,000 D, and its structure is dimeric, with two identical subunits assembled by noncovalent bonds. It appeared homogeneous on high-performance liquid chromatography gel filtration, but isoelectric focusing revealed microheterogeneity, with a main band in the pH zone near 6.5. Amino acid analysis showed that LDetL contains a large proportion of glycine and especially methionine. Hapten inhibition assay indicated that LDetL is most specific for ~-~-g a l a c t o s y l ( l~3 ) -~-N -a c e t y lgalactosamine residues. The lectin was formed in the in vitro-cultivated mycelium, and anti-lectin antibodies revealed by indirect immunofluorescence the presence of lectin in the cell wall. Receptor sites for LDetL were found on the roots, especially on the root hairs, of axenically grown spruce seedlings. The lectin LDL previously isolated by us from the taxonomically related mushroom Lactarius deliciosus, a symbiont of the pine, does not bind to the spruce radicle. This suggests a role of the funga1 lectin in recognition and specificity during the early stages of mycorrhizae formation.

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Section: Table II Ammo Add Composition Of Ldetlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Lectin from Lactarius deterrimus (Research on the Possible Involvement of the Fungal Lectin in Recognition between Mushroom and Spruce during the Early Stages of Mycorrhizae Formation)

Giollant¹,

Guillot²,

Damez³

et al. 1993

Plant Physiol.

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“…In the present study there was no evidence, using light and electron microscopic techniques, that B. hassiana produced an extracellular matrix sometimes associated with phytopathogenic fungi and their attachment to plants. Although there have been a number of studies which have implicated lectins in adhesion of pathogenic fungi to plant surfaces (Furuichi et al, 1980;Hohland and Balsiger, 1986), this is not the case for all fungi (Nicholson, 1984;Hamer et al, 1988 In view of the hydrophobic nature of many fungal conidia, particularly airborn types (Fisher et al, 1972), it would not be surprising if the chemical and physical properties of the fungal spore wall had a direct relationship to adhesion. Much of the recent work on fungal adhesion has addressed the related questions of surface recognition and pathogen-host specificity (Nicholson and Epstein, 1991).…”

Section: Adhesion Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The colonization of corn, Zea mays L., by the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin

Wagner

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The ubiquitous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria hassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) has been extensively investigated to suppress populations of several insect species worldwide including the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for over 60 years. In several studies investigating the response of inbred corn lines to plant pathogenic fungi, B. bassiana was isolated from the pith of plants. Subsequent field studies have shown that B. bassiana placed in or on corn plants in the vegetative stage persisted for greater than 90 days and remained virulent to O. nubilalis throughout the growing season. Even though these field studies demonstrated the potential use of this relationship, the manner in which B. bassiana colonizes Zea mays L. was not known. The following study was initiated to elucidate the methods of adhesion, penetration and colonization by B. bassiana on the corn leaf surface. Light and electron microscopic techniques were utilized to investigate the interactions between these two organisms. Understanding this unique relationship will be invaluable in further development and utilization of this fungus to manage insect pests of food plants. vi The adhesion and subsequent growth and penetration on corn leaves by B. bassiana. is very similar to the germination and penetration by B. bassiana on insect cuticles. After inoculation using a foliar spray of S. bassiana conidia, germinating hyphae grow randomly across the leaf surface. Often a germ tube fomed from a conidium and elongated only a short distance before terminating its growth. All developing hyphae on the leaf surface do not penetrate the cuticular surface. However, when penetration does occur, the penetration site{s) are randomly located across the surface. Apparently B. bassiana does not require specific topographic signals at an appropriate entry site as do some phytopathogenic fungi. Long hyphal structures were observed to follow the leaf apoplast in any direction from the point of penetration. In some cases, the hyphae were observed within xylem elements. Because vascular bundles are interconnected throughout the corn plant, this may explain the way the fungus travels within the plant and ultimately provides overall insecticidal protection. Virulence of B. bassiana after colonizing the corn plant was tested and it was determined that this fungus did not lose any virulence toward the European corn borer. This is the first report illustrating the mode of penetration by B. bassiana into Z. mays. This special endophytic relationship between an entomopathogenic fungus and vii a plant suggests possibilities for biological control, including utilization of indigenous fungal inocula as insecticides. 1 CHAPTER 1: 6 developing research on entomogenous fungi (Ferron, 1578). Reviews on the identification and use of entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents were edited by Burges and Hussey (1971) and Burges (1981). Worldwide, a few genera of fungi such as Beauveria and Metarhizium, have been used...

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“…Thus, many of the genes involved in ATP production and protein biosynthesis were represented in this group of differentially methylated genes. This group included four Cutinase-coding genes, a Cutinase Transcription Factor 1 alpha gene (CTF1-ALPHA) involved in pathogenesis, as well as a Fucose-specific lectin gene potentially involved in cell-cell interactions and parasitic relations [28] (Figure 7). A Chitin deacetylase ARB_04768 gene was also present and plays a potential role in fungal hyphae penetration into plants by modifying chitin, which can be recognized by a plant resistance system [29].…”

Section: Analysis Of Less Methylated Genes In the D Isolates Showing mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Regulation of Verticillium dahliae Virulence: Does DNA Methylation Level Play A Role?

Ramírez-Tejero

Cabanás

Valverde-Corredor

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Verticillium dahliae is the etiological agent of Verticillium wilt of olive. The virulence of Defoliating V. dahliae isolates usually displays differences and high plasticity. This work studied whether an epigenetic mechanism was involved in this plasticity. An inverse correlation between virulence and DNA methylation of protein-coding genes was found. A set of 831 genes was selected for their highly consistent inverse methylation profile and virulence in the five studied isolates. Of these genes, ATP-synthesis was highly represented, which indicates that the more virulent D isolates are, the more energy requirements they may have. Furthermore, there were numerous genes in the protein biosynthesis process: genes coding for the chromatin structure, which suggests that epigenetic changes may also affect chromatin condensation; many transmembrane transporter genes, which is consistent with denser compounds, traffic through membranes in more virulent isolates; a fucose-specific lectin that may play a role in the attachment to plant cell walls during the host infection process; and pathogenic cutinases that facilitate plant invasion and sporulation genes for rapid spreading alongside plants. Our findings support the notion that differences in the virulence of the Defoliating V. dahliae isolates may be controlled, at least to some extent, by an epigenetic mechanism.

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A Model System for the Study of Fungus — Host Surface Interactions: Adhesion of Phytophthora Megasperma to Protoplasts and Mesophyll Cells of Soybean

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of a Lectin from Lactarius deterrimus (Research on the Possible Involvement of the Fungal Lectin in Recognition between Mushroom and Spruce during the Early Stages of Mycorrhizae Formation)

Characterization of a Lectin from Lactarius deterrimus (Research on the Possible Involvement of the Fungal Lectin in Recognition between Mushroom and Spruce during the Early Stages of Mycorrhizae Formation)

The colonization of corn, Zea mays L., by the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin

Epigenetic Regulation of Verticillium dahliae Virulence: Does DNA Methylation Level Play A Role?

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