A model system approach to biological climate forcing. The example of Emiliania huxleyi

Westbroek, Peter; Brown, Christopher W.; Bleijswijk, Judith van; Brownlee, Colin; Brummer, G.J.A.; Conte, Maureen H.; Egge, Jorun K.; Fernández, Emilio; Jordan, Richard W.; Knappertsbusch, Michael; Stefels, Jacqueline; Veldhuis, Marcel J.W.; Wal, P. van der; Young, Jeremy R.

doi:10.1016/0921-8181(93)90061-r

Cited by 320 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The abundance and wide distribution of E. huxleyi and its production of calcium carbonate coccoliths and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) make it an important species with respect to sediment formation and to ocean climate and natural acid rain (Charlson et al, 1987, Westbroek et al, 1993, Malin et al, 1994. Furthermore it is a key species for current studies on global biogeochemical cycles (Westbroek et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot study of an EST approach of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi during a virus infection

Kegel

Allen

Metfies

et al. 2007

Gene

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Blooms of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi can be infected by viruses, which can lead to bloom-termination. This pilot study used an expressed sequence tag (EST) approach to get a first view of gene-expression changes that occur during viral infection of E. huxleyi. cDNA libraries were constructed from uninfected cultures and 6, 12, and 24 h after infection with E. huxleyi-specific virus 86 (EhV-86). From each library 60-90 ESTs were randomly selected and annotated manually with PhyloGena. Viral genes were identified using BLAST-Search of the known viral genome. The data of this study show, that 6 h after viral infection the algal transcriptome changed significantly although few viral transcripts were present. At this point, changes mainly concerned transcripts related to photosynthesis and protein metabolism. However, after 24 h viral transcripts were most abundant. Viral transcripts found at this stage of viral infection encode proteins involved in protein degradation, nucleic acid degradation, transcription and replication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot study of an EST approach of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi during a virus infection

Kegel

Allen

Metfies

et al. 2007

Gene

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“…These blooms further exhaust nutrients as the water column stratifies and the water mass is advected over the continental shelf, following the general residual circulation in the area (Pingree and Lecann, 1989;Huthnance et al, 2001;Suykens et al, 2010), while dinoflagellates, chrysophytes, prasinophytes and cryptophytes can become increasingly more important. This succession leads to the appearance of high reflectance (HR) patches which are associated with the dissipative stage of coccolithophorid blooms (of Emiliania huxleyi in particular), when coccoliths are shed into the water column, affecting the albedo of the surface water (Westbroek et al, 1993;Harlay et al, 2010). This bloom succession considerably alters the biogeochemical characteristics of their environment through biogenic calcification and the release of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), which affect carbon export through mineral ballasting and aggregation (Armstrong et al, 2002;Engel et al, 2004;De La Rocha and Passow, 2007), and dimethyl sulphide production, which introduces sulphur into the atmosphere (Burkill et al, 2002;Stefels et al, 2007;Seymour et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton community dynamics during late spring coccolithophore blooms at the continental margin of the Celtic Sea (North East Atlantic, 2006–2008)

Oostende

Harlay

Vanelslander

et al. 2012

Progress in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tWe determined the spatial and temporal dynamics of major phytoplankton groups in relation to biogeochemical and physical variables during the late spring coccolithophore blooms (May-June) along and across the continental margin in the Celtic Sea (2006Sea ( -2008. Photosynthetic biomass (chl a) of the dominant plankton groups was determined by CHEMTAX analysis of chromatographic (HPLC) pigment signatures.Phytoplankton standing stock biomass varied substantially between and during the campaigns (areal chl a [mg chl a m À2 ] in June 2006: 63.8 ± 26.5, May 2007: 27.9 ± 8.4, and May 2008: 41.3 ± 21.8), reflecting the different prevailing conditions of weather, irradiance, and sea surface temperature between the campaigns. Coccolithophores, represented mainly by Emiliania huxleyi, and diatoms were the dominant phytoplankton groups, with a maximal contribution of, respectively, 72% and 89% of the total chl a. Prasinophytes, dinoflagellates, and chrysophytes often co-occurred during coccolithophorid blooms, while diatoms dominated the phytoplankton biomass independently of the biomass of other groups. The location of the stations on the shelf or on the slope side of the continental margin did not influence the biomass and the composition of the phytoplankton community despite significantly stronger water column stratification and lower nutrient concentrations on the shelf. The alternation between diatom and coccolithophorid blooms of similar biomass, following the mostly diatom-dominated main spring bloom, was partly driven by changes in nutrient stoichiometry (N:P and dSi:N). High concentrations of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) were associated with stratified, coccolithophore-rich water masses, which probably originated from the slope of the continental margin and warmed during advection onto the shelf. Although we did not determine the proportion of export production attributed to phytoplankton groups, the abundance of coccolithophores, together with TEP and coccoliths may affect the carbon export efficiency through increased sinking rates of particles formed by aggregation of TEP and coccoliths.

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“…Mohler is the dominant coccolithophorid and this species has a worldwide distribution and forms extensive blooms in both coastal and open oceanic waters (Brown and Yoder, 1993;Holligan et al, 1993b;Westbroek et al, 1993;Heimdal et al, 1994). Coccolithophores may generate large oceanic blooms exceeding 100 000 km 2 in area (Brown and Yoder, 1994;Fernández et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hydrography and biology of a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the northern North Sea

Head

Crawford

Egge

et al. 1998

Journal of Sea Research

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In June=July 1994 a study was made of a small bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in an area of the North Sea to the east of the Shetland Islands. Observations on the hydrography of the study area indicated the bloom was associated with Atlantic water and was confined to an area in which a stable shallow mixed layer had formed. There was no evidence to suggest association of horizontal physical structure with the bloom development. High cell densities of >1-6 ð 10 6 cells dm 3 , together with low concentrations of PIC (<50 µg dm 3 ) and detached liths (2-3 ð 10 4 liths cm 3 ) indicated that the bloom was studied at an early stage of development. Biochemical and physiological observations indicated active growth was taking place. The results presented are discussed in comparison with previous studies carried out in both oceanic and shelf seas.

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A model system approach to biological climate forcing. The example of Emiliania huxleyi

Cited by 320 publications

References 56 publications

Pilot study of an EST approach of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi during a virus infection

Pilot study of an EST approach of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi during a virus infection

Phytoplankton community dynamics during late spring coccolithophore blooms at the continental margin of the Celtic Sea (North East Atlantic, 2006–2008)

The hydrography and biology of a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the northern North Sea

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