A model of the wind-driven circulation in Lake Baikal

Botte, Vincenzo; Kay, Anthony

doi:10.1016/s0377-0265(01)00086-0

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…over steep topography (Kocyigit and Falconer 2004), upwelling (Botte and Kay 2002), deep-water convection (Jones and Marshall 1993), and degeneration of basic-scale waves (Horn et al 2001). The partial differential equations that govern mass and momentum conservation are solved by a generalized implicit method, by which all flow field components (such as three velocity components, pressure, free-surface elevation, and temperature) are solved simultaneously at each time step.…”

Section: Kamarainen Et Al Approaches For Estimating Entrainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time-dependent, three-dimensional computer models are capable of resolving the high degree of spatial and temporal variability inherent to lake dynamics, such as nutrient entrainment. 3-D hydrodynamic models have gained great success in dealing with lake circulation (Botte and Kay 2002, Wang et al 2000, Laval et al 2003, and Rueda and Schladow 2003, basin-scale internal waves (Hodges et al 2000), and large-scale dynamics at the seasonal (Pan et al 2002, Jin andHamrick 2000) and annual (Quamrul Ahsan and Blumber 1999) time scale. Further, continuous efforts have been made to couple 3-D hydrodynamic models with water quality models (Rajar et al 1997, Robson and Hamilton 2004Q3, Na and Park 2006.…”

Section: Comments and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of phosphorus entrainment in Lake Mendota: a comparison of one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional approaches

Kamarainen

Yuan

Carpenter

2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Entrainment of phosphorus across the thermocline can be an important nutrient source for phytoplankton in stratified lakes. In eutrophic stratified lakes, seasonal entrainment can be responsible for delayed recovery following a decrease in external phosphorus load. We compared seasonal estimates of entrainment derived from single-and multilocation thermocline migration approaches. Entrainment estimates from these methods were similar. A sampling approach based on a single centralized location produced whole-lake entrainment estimates in general agreement with the mean value from the multilocation approach (the single-location approach reasonably reproduced patterns at a weekly and seasonal time scale). In this study, it was not essential to account for spatial variation in estimating annual rates of entrainment. We also estimated entrainment based on a threedimensional (3-D) hydrodynamic model over a short period of significant thermocline migration. The 3-D model was most useful in exposing spatial and temporal variation in temperature and phosphorus profiles that are otherwise difficult to observe. Spatial variation in phosphorus profiles was associated with upwelling of metalimnetic water represented by the 3-D model. These transient dynamics, though a relatively small portion of an annual phosphorus budget, may supply nutrients to epilimnetic phytoplankton during periods of nutrient limitation. There is a need for further research that combines 3-D hydrodynamic modeling with field collection of biological and chemical data.

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Section: Kamarainen Et Al Approaches For Estimating Entrainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comments and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of phosphorus entrainment in Lake Mendota: a comparison of one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional approaches

Kamarainen

Yuan

Carpenter

2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…For Lake Baikal, different deep-water renewal processes have been proposed, including thermobaric instability Weiss et al 1991;Crawford and Collier 1997), wind-induced currents (Botte and Kay 2002), density currents induced by the Selenga River (Hohmann et al 1997), thermal bars (Shimaraev et al 1993), and water exchange over the sill between the Central and North Basins at Academician Ridge (Peeters et al 1996;Hohmann et al 1997). In the South Basin, in particular, the most likely deepwater renewal processes are thermobaric instabilities and Selenga River-induced density currents.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold intrusions in Lake Baikal: Direct observational evidence for deep-water renewal

et al. 2005

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We studied cold, deep‐water intrusions in the South Basin of Lake Baikal on the basis of 2 yr of data (December 1995‐November 1997) from near‐bottom and near‐surface thermistor strings, monthly conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD) profiles, and a near‐bottom current meter, all collected near the South Basin maximum depth of 1,461 m. The data show intrusions into the greatest depths with temperatures of 0.08–0.20°C below ambient (~3.33 to ~3.38°C at maximum depth). The intrusions were observed three times per year between January and June, when surface water is always cooler than deep water, with durations of a few (at least 1–3) days. The estimated water input ranged from 1 to 10 km3 per event, and the annually accumulated volume was estimated to be 10–30 km3, which is significantly less than the steady‐state indirect estimates of 30–70 km3 yr−1 to the permanently stratified deep water (depth ≫ 300 m). This indicates that not all of the cold intrusions reach the deepest area. Because the cooling of the near‐bottom waters was not accompanied by a significant increase in ion or particle content and because deep sediment traps did not contain significant enrichments of minerogenic particles, we concluded that Selenga River inflow is not a possible source of the cold intrusions. Two CTD profiles in June 1996 and 1997 showed lower temperature throughout the deep water, as expected from thermobaric instabilities. The required downwelling is definitely not occurring in the pelagic interior but most probably by near‐coast counterclockwise currents. The source of the regularly occurring deep intrusions is clearly cold surface water, but the actual mechanism is uncertain.

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“…It is well known that seasonal phytoplankton dynamics are controlled by physical and chemical forcing and biotic interactions (Sommer et al, 1986;Noges et al, 1998;Anneville et al, 2002), the dominant physical and chemical factors being temperature, solar radiation, nutrients, mixing and stratification (Richardson, Gibson & Heaney, 2000). On a shorter time scale, several studies have demonstrated that forcing variables such as wind also modify the physical structure of lakes (Podsetchine & Schernewski, 1999;Botte & Kay, 2002). From a few hours to a few days, the vertical structure can thus be changed, in particular the depth of the mixed layer, the intensity of mixing, the thermal gradient and the stratification state (Imberger & Parker, 1985;Carmack et al, 1986;MacIntyre & Jellison, 2001;Talling, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term variability in physical forcing in temperate reservoirs: effects on phytoplankton dynamics and sedimentary fluxes

2006

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1. The effects of wind events on phytoplankton dynamics were investigated in two temperate reservoirs. 2. Meteorological forcing, change in physical and chemical structure of the water column and biological responses of phytoplankton communities were followed for 3 weeks in three seasons. 3. Depending on the season, the phytoplankton response differed in response to nutrient and light conditions, and to the intensity of stratification and mixing. 4. We demonstrated that, on a time scale of a few days, wind events can modify phytoplankton dynamics, in terms of size structure and exported biomass. An increase of mixing favoured the largest size class and disadvantaged the smallest size class, while an increase in stratification had the opposite effects. The short-term change in size structure was reflected in the sedimentary fluxes but with a time lag.

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A model of the wind-driven circulation in Lake Baikal

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Estimates of phosphorus entrainment in Lake Mendota: a comparison of one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional approaches

Estimates of phosphorus entrainment in Lake Mendota: a comparison of one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional approaches

Cold intrusions in Lake Baikal: Direct observational evidence for deep-water renewal

Short‐term variability in physical forcing in temperate reservoirs: effects on phytoplankton dynamics and sedimentary fluxes

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