A model of the relay valve used in an air brake system

Natarajan, S.V.; Subramanian, Shankar C.; Darbha, Swaroop; Rajagopal, Κ. R.

doi:10.1016/j.nahs.2006.11.003

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Modelling of the trailer brake control valve serving for controlling dual-line trailer brake systems in conjunction with mechanical foot brakes of tractors is described in detail. The mathematical and computer model of this valve considers a number of phenomena, such as heat exchange, the inertia of movable elements, and friction, which are generally omitted already at the stage of physical creation or at the stage of running the computer model for digital simulation [11,23,29]. Whereas, in the case of modelling the energy supply unit described in [16], the most important final model equations are only given.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mathematical models for estimating the compressor performance and the thermodynamic behaviour of compressors under different working conditions [2, 10,30] are too complex for modelling of the dynamics of multicircuit pneumatic and hydraulic braking systems. In turn, most of the models known from the literature concerns the typical brake valves used in the air braking systems of commercial vehicles [11,23,29] and trailers [12,13,15,21,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the functional and service characteristics of the pneumatic system of an agricultural tractor with mechanical brakes using simulation methods

Kamiński¹,

Kulikowski²

2015

EiN

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Article citation info: (*) Tekst artykułu w polskiej wersji językowej dostępny w elektronicznym wydaniu kwartalnika na stronie www.ein.org.pl KAmińsKi Z, KuliKowsKi K. Determination of the functional and service characteristics of the pneumatic system of an agricultural tractor with mechanical brakes using simulation methods. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc -maintenance and Reliability 2015; 17 (3): 355-364, http:// dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2015.3.5. Zbigniew KAmińsKi Krzysztof KuliKowsKiDetermination of the functional anD service characteristics of the pneumatic system of an agricultural tractor with mechanical brakes using simulation methoDs wyznaczanie metoDami symulacyjnymi właściwości funkcjonalnoużytkowych pneumatycznej instalacji ciągnika rolniczego z hamulcami mechanicznymi* IntroductionIn agricultural tractors, a variety of friction braking mechanisms are used, including band brakes, drum brakes, and dry or wet multidisc brakes [5]. To transfer the energy needed to run the service brakes of a tractor, a mechanical, hydraulic or an air drive is used. Selection of the drive type and the energy source depends on the design and weight of the tractor. In low-and medium-power tractors, manually operated hydraulic brake systems are used, which are relatively inexpensive and simple. Because of their cost, mechanically actuated brakes are still attractive in low-power tractors.Agricultural tractors with mechanical or hydraulic brakes are equipped with a pneumatic system designed to run the air braking systems of towed trailers and agricultural machines. So called combined systems are currently used [32], which have the capability to operate with the single-and dual-line braking systems of towed vehicles.A typical combined pneumatic system of a farm tractor consists of two major parts: an energy supply unit and a control device. The function of the energy supply unit is to compress and purify air and to maintain the adequate pressure in the tractor and trailer reservoirs in order to ensure the required trailer braking performance. The role of the control device is to provide the follow-up control of the single-or dual-line braking system of a towed vehicle in a manner that enables the synchronous braking of the both vehicles. Control devices differ mainly in the type of the trailer brake control valve, which can be actuated either mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically, deEksploatacja i NiEzawodNosc -MaiNtENaNcE aNd REliability Vol.17, No. 3, 2015 356 sciENcE aNd tEchNology pending on the tractor brakes [32]. A schematic diagram of a tractor's pneumatic system with a mechanically actuated brake valve is shown in Figure 1.Because of the road safety, agricultural vehicles braking systems must meet several specific requirements [8,9] for braking performance, high operation speed during rapid braking (the response time should not exceed 0.6 s) and the compatibility of the tractor and towed vehicle braking systems [27] (the synchrony of operation of individual circuits). Research by Scarlett [28] reveals that ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the functional and service characteristics of the pneumatic system of an agricultural tractor with mechanical brakes using simulation methods

Kamiński¹,

Kulikowski²

2015

EiN

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“…For isentropic flow of an ideal gas, the pressure, density and temperature are related by p p(r;IJ -=Consfanf,--=Consfanf, (8) pY T where r is the ratio of the specific heats and is assumed to be constant. Now, Eq.…”

Section: Compressor and Storage Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xing-Dong et al [7] developed models for the individual components of an airover-hydraulic brake system. Natarajan et al [8] developed a model for the relay valve which is used in the air brake system. Lindemann et al [9] discussed the feasibility and compatibility of an electronically controlled brake system for a tractor-trailer combination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and modelling of an electropneumatic brake system

Karthikeyan

Subramanian

2009

2009 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium

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The brake system is the primary system in an automobile which ensures its safety on the road. The ideal brake system should operate with the least effort from the driver and should stop the vehicle within the minimum possible distance. This paper deals with the air brake system which is widely used in commercial vehicles such as trucks, buses and tractor-trailers. One of the important parameters which affect the stopping distance of a vehicle is the brake response time. The work presented focuses on the development of an electropneumatic brake which would decrease the response time of the air brake system thereby providing a reduced stopping distance. A mathematical model that correlates the pressure transients in the brake chamber to the voltage input provided to the electropneumatic brake has been developed. The efficacy of this model is tested by comparing its results with experimental data obtained from various test runs.

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“…Research on hysteresis characteristics can be divided into the system level and component level. Most literature has focused on the latter, such as treadle valves [13], brake pipelines [14], relay valves [15], proportional valves [16], and other subassemblies. However, subassemblies in a loop are connected to each other and affect each other; analysis of individual subassembly seems to be insufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on Hysteresis Characteristics of a Pneumatic Braking System for a Multi-Axle Heavy Vehicle in Emergency Braking Situations

et al. 2017

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Featured Application: The obtained data and model from the research can be useful for the design of a pneumatic braking system and the development of advanced brake control strategy with respect to multi-axle heavy vehicles in the future.Abstract: This study aims to investigate the hysteresis characteristics of a pneumatic braking system for multi-axle heavy vehicles (MHVs). Hysteresis affects emergency braking performance severely. The fact that MHVs have a large size and complex structure leads to more nonlinear coupling property of the pneumatic braking system compared to normal two-axle vehicles. Thus, theoretical analysis and simulation are not enough when studying hysteresis. In this article, the hysteresis of a pneumatic brake system for an eight-axle vehicle in an emergency braking situation is studied based on a novel test bench. A servo drive device is applied to simulate the driver's braking intensions normally expressed by opening or moving speed of the brake pedal. With a reasonable arrangement of sensors and the NI LabVIEW platform, both the delay time of eight loops and the response time of each subassembly in a single loop are detected in real time. The outcomes of the experiment show that the delay time of each loop gets longer with the increase of pedal opening, and a quadratic relationship exists between them. Based on this, the pressure transient in the system is fitted to a first-order plus time delay model. Besides, the response time of treadle valve and controlling pipeline accounts for more than 80% of the loop's total delay time, indicating that these two subassemblies are the main contributors to the hysteresis effect.

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A model of the relay valve used in an air brake system

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Determination of the functional and service characteristics of the pneumatic system of an agricultural tractor with mechanical brakes using simulation methods

Determination of the functional and service characteristics of the pneumatic system of an agricultural tractor with mechanical brakes using simulation methods

Development and modelling of an electropneumatic brake system

An Experimental Study on Hysteresis Characteristics of a Pneumatic Braking System for a Multi-Axle Heavy Vehicle in Emergency Braking Situations

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