A model of the effects of automatic generation control signal characteristics on energy storage system reliability

Abstract

A MODEL OF THE EFFECTS OF AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS ON ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM RELIABILITYNo electrochemical batteries constructed to date have the storage capacities necessary for integration into conventional energy markets; aggregation will be required to meet industrystandard metrics for reliability and availability. This aggregation of individual energy storage devices into a distributed energy storage (DES) system will be useful not only to allow standard connection to the grid, but to provide higher-quality fast-response grid services with low-cost technologies. These smaller installations will have lower capital costs than traditional energy storage facilities. Ancillary services, and more specifically frequency regulation services, are understood to be the most technically viable and economically valuable market available to DES. Accordingly, this study is based on the properties of the frequency regulation market.This study presents a simplified model of a DES resource, its frequency regulation actuation signal, and its mode of market participation. The inputs to the model are scaling parameters of the DES system and of the actuation signal. The outputs from the model are the individual and aggregated reliability of the DES system. An analytical calculation of reliability is performed and analytical results are compared to numerical simulation solutions. Results show that the reliability of the energy storage device can be characterized using a set of nondimensional parameters. These device-level reliability results are then translated into systemlevel reliability through several different models of ancillary services contracting and dispatch.iii Previous studies of DES systems have assumed that the energy storage system has no energy storage limitations and that the actuation signal has no net or instantaneous energy content. This model includes these conditions so as to capture the interaction between the energy

Recent Strategies for Automatic Generation Control of Power Systems With Diverse Energy Sources

“…Ramlal et al (2019) designed FILC is designed for decentralized LFC with little knowledge of the local power area's model and no knowledge of the external power area's models. Authors (Wei, et al, 2019;Campbell, et al, 2014;& Monasterious, et al, 2017) also gave renewable energy penetration and energy storage for AGC. Bouzaida & Sakly (2018) developed to control for nonlinear systems control with neuro-fuzzy system by adaptive sliding mode controller.…”