2021
DOI: 10.3390/su13031207
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A Model of Stress Change under the First COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japanese Major Cities and Rural Areas

Abstract: Research on stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic has been dominated by the cases of healthcare workers, students, patients, and their stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the relationship between the amount of stress change under the COVID-19 pandemic and demographic factors (age, sex, occupation, etc.) in residents of a large city and a rural area of Japan. A total of 1331 valid responses were received in June 2020 from residents of Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagano registered with a private res… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…At the same time, comparing the results before and during the pandemic showed a significant increase in the importance of being located close to family, friends and the workplace. Similar findings can be observed in studies conducted in other regions of the world (for example [90]). Translated into liveable city planning issues, it seems that the idea of neighbourhood units will grow in strength.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…At the same time, comparing the results before and during the pandemic showed a significant increase in the importance of being located close to family, friends and the workplace. Similar findings can be observed in studies conducted in other regions of the world (for example [90]). Translated into liveable city planning issues, it seems that the idea of neighbourhood units will grow in strength.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The results obtained for List No 2 criteria indicated that it was important for students to maintain social ties, appreciated in particular during the pandemic period: ensuring close proximity to family or friends, a short distance from the workplace, without having to travel longer distances. The increased importance during the pandemic of a criterion that takes into account the distance to the place of residence of family and friends is confirmed, among other things, by the results of a study conducted in Japan by Uehar et al [90], in which it was shown that the relationship with people is the most important factor influencing the assessment of stress levels during the pandemic, surpassing the living environment (big cities, rural areas), the type of housing, and the decrease in income.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…Our work provides a more holistic view on people's preventive behaviors in urban and rural Japan by covering a broader range of people in our cross-sectional survey (vs. small group interviews [13,14]) and by explicitly defining urban and rural areas at the municipal level (vs. comparison at the prefectural level [34]). Stress brought on by the COVID-19 outbreak also did not differ between urban and rural areas in Japan [45].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Several studies have been carried out in different countries to understand the sensations and productivity of workers at home. We found several publications from different countries, for example, Ecuador [30], Lithuania [31], Brazil [32], France [3], Austria [33], Vietnam [34], Japan [35], United States [36], Italy [37], and Latvia [38]. However, with a search using telework as the keyword in databases such as SCOPUS and Web of Science, we did not find any results from the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021 in Portugal.…”
Section: This Studymentioning
confidence: 87%