A Model of Socially Connected Web Objects for IoT Applications

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is evolving with the connected objects at an unprecedented rate, bringing about enormous opportunities for the future IoT applications as well as challenges. One of the major challenges is to handle the complexity generated by the interconnection of billions of objects. However, Social Internet of Things (SIoT), emerging from the conglomeration of IoT and social networks, has realized an efficient way to facilitate the development of complex future IoT applications. Nevertheless, to fully utilize the benefits of SIoT, a platform that can provide efficient services using social relations among heterogeneous objects is highly required. The web objects enabled IoT environment promotes SIoT features by enabling virtualization using virtual objects and supporting the modularity with microservices. To realize SIoT services, this article proposes an architecture that provides a foundation for the development of lightweight microservices based on socially connected web objects. To efficiently discover web objects and reduce the complexity of service provisioning processes, a social relationship model is presented. To realize the interoperable service operations, a semantic ontology model has been developed. Finally, to evaluate the proposed design, a prototype has been implemented based on a use case scenario.

Design Methodology of Microservices to Support Predictive Analytics for IoT Applications

“…Among them, iCore [10,13] provided the notion of VO to deliver digital representation of ICT and Non-ICT objects. The WoO reference framework extended the concept of VO to support IoT services over digital representations of diverse physical objects in the World Wide Web environment [33,34,35]. To provide interoperability in an IoT environment, WoO platform uses semantic web technologies and enables VO and CVO as web objects to support the IoT services [36,37].…”

“…The service support functions are defined to handle general functionalities for microservices in the proposed design. Few of these functions have been defined in our previous works [32,33] and are extended in this work to support predictive analytic services. These functions are related to discovery, configuration and management, and handling microservices templates.…”

Microservices Model to Enhance the Availability of Data for Buildings Energy Efficiency Management Services

“…In order to increase the accessibility and availability of IoT data, the data needs to be virtualized with the VOs by using web technologies as the VO is a digital representation of IoT object over the web and the crucial component of modern IoT platforms [17,35,36]. In [37] the authors proposed an IoT framework for resolving the issues of unreliable associated services in a smart city use case scenario.…”

Creating Personalized Recommendations in a Smart Community by Performing User Trajectory Analysis through Social Internet of Things Deployment

“…The Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is an emerging paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT) in which heterogeneous IoT devices can communicate with each other, collaborate on behalf of their owners, establish relationships based on common interests, and autonomously perform service trading. SIoT is expected to enhance the features of existing distributed systems, such as service discovery and composition [1][2][3], information management [4][5][6][7], and service trustworthiness management [8][9][10]. Although SIoT has begun to be adopted in some domains, such as smart vehicles [11][12][13][14], smart homes [15], smart factories [16], and integrated transportation [17], current SIoT systems encounter numerous challenges that affect their usability and reliability in existing SIoT domains [18,19].…”