A Model of Host-Microbial Interactions in an Open Mammalian Ecosystem

Bry, Lynn; Falk, Per; Midtvedt, Tore; Gordon, Jeffrey I.

doi:10.1126/science.273.5280.1380

Cited by 564 publications

(448 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although generally regarded as a beneficial group, higher numbers of lactobacilli have been implicated in broiler growth depression owing to competition for nutrient uptake or impaired fat absorption linked to deconjugation of bile acids (Torok et al, 2011b). Meanwhile, species from the Bacteroidetes family are involved in many important metabolic activities including fermentation of carbohydrates, induction of critical glycolytic enzymes in the enterocytes, utilization of nitrogenous substances, biotransformation of bile acids and prevention of pathogen colonization (Bry et al, 1996;Phillips, 2009). In summary, according to the literature and the current results, it could be concluded that a decrease in the numbers of some bacterial groups such as enterobacteria, and probably lactobacilli, accompanied by an increase in others such as bacteroides in the intestine might be related to improved performance in poultry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of inulin and di-d-fructose dianhydride-enriched caramels on intestinal microbiota composition and performance of broiler chickens

Peinado¹,

Echávarri²,

Ruíz³

et al. 2013

Animal

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In vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of laboratory-made di-D-fructose dianhydride (DFA)-enriched caramels. The DFA-enriched caramels were obtained from D-fructose (FC), D-fructose and sucrose (FSC), or D-fructose and β-cyclodextrin (FCDC). In the in vitro experiment, raftilose and all caramels increased (P < 0.05) L-lactate concentration and decreased (P < 0.05) pH. Total short-chain fatty acid concentration was higher (P < 0.05) than controls in tubes containing raftilose, FSC, FCDC and commercial sucrose caramel (CSC). Raftilose, and all caramels tested except FSC and FC (1%), increased (P < 0.01) lactobacilli log 10 number of copies compared with the non-additive control. FSC, FCDC and CSC increased (P < 0.01) the bifidobacteria number of copies as compared with controls. All additives, except FCDC, decreased (P < 0.01) Clostridium coccoides/ Eubacterium rectale log number of copies. Compared with controls, raftilose, FC and CSC led to lower (P < 0.01) EscherichiaShigella and enterobacteria. For the in vivo experiment, a total of 144 male 1-day-old broiler chickens of the Cobb strain were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments for 21 days. Dietary treatments were control (commercial diet with no additive), inulin (20 g inulin/kg diet) and FC (20 g FC/kg diet). Final BW of birds fed FC diet was higher (P < 0.01) than controls or inulin-fed birds, although feed: gain values were not different. Feed intake of chickens fed FC was higher (P < 0.01) than that of inulin-fed birds but not statistically different from controls. Crop pH values were lower (P < 0.01) in birds fed FC diet as compared with control diet, with inulin-fed chickens showing values not different from control-or FC-fed birds. Lower (P < 0.05) lactobacilli number of copies was determined in the crop, ileum and caeca of birds fed the inulin diet compared with the control diet. Inulin supplementation also resulted in lower (P < 0.05) C. coccoides/E. rectale, bacteroides and total bacteria in caecal contents. Addition of FC to broiler diets gave place to lower (P < 0.05) enterobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella in crop and caecal contents compared with controls. The bacteroides number of copies increased (P < 0.05) as compared with controls in the ileum, but decreased (P < 0.05) in the caeca of chickens fed the FC diet. Energy, ADF, NDF and non-starch polysaccharides faecal digestibilities were greater (P < 0.05) than controls in chickens fed diets containing inulin or FC. Fat digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) in FC-fed birds compared with controls or inulin-fed chickens. In conclusion, DFA-enriched caramels tested here, particularly FC, may represent a type of new additives useful in poultry production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of inulin and di-d-fructose dianhydride-enriched caramels on intestinal microbiota composition and performance of broiler chickens

Peinado¹,

Echávarri²,

Ruíz³

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…This finding indicates that certain commensal bacteria may be necessary for the development of the intestine to its full absorptive capacity. B. thetaiotaomicron also directs the increased expression of terminal a-linked fucose by enterocytes positioned in the distal small intestine (Bry et al, 1996). These changes in host glycan expression allow the bacterium to expand its colonization niche to additional areas along the small intestine and also augment colonization by other commensal members of the microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feed additives on the development on the ileal bacterial community of the broiler chicken

Hofacre

Smith

et al. 2008

Animal

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Intensifying concerns about the use of antimicrobials in meat and poultry production has enhanced interest in the application of prebiotics, probiotics and enzymes to enhance growth and prevent disease in food animals. Growth-promoting antibiotics enhance growth of animals by reducing the load of bacteria in the intestine, by reducing colonization by intestinal pathogens or by enhancing the growth and/or metabolism of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. Recently, molecular ecology, utilizing DNAsequence heterogeneity of the 16S rRNA gene, has revealed a surprising diversity of uncharacterized bacteria inhabiting this ecosystem. We used this approach to determine the effect of growth-promoting antibiotics on the development and composition of the ileal bacterial community. Pairwise comparisons, correspondence analysis and community diversity indices revealed significant differences among the treatments (bacitracin/virginiamycin or monensin) and controls. Antibiotics reduced the diversity of the ileal bacterial community and induced communities rich in Clostridia throughout the life of the broiler chicken. These results indicate that some bacterial species, such as lactobacilli, were suppressed and also suggest that many intestinal Clostridia may be non-pathogenic. Future studies should focus on characterizing the important bacterial species needed to stabilize the intestinal microbiota and identifying those commensals that stimulate and enhance development of intestinal function.

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“…However, the drastic change in diet composition at weaning might also induce modifications in the intestinal microflora. By comparing genetically identical germ-free mice with mice raised with a functional microbiota, Bry et al [39] have shown that the production of fucosylated glycoconjugates, appearing in the small intestine and colon after the age of weaning, requires components of the microbiota. Fucoconjugates are largely absent from weaned germ-free mice ; inoculation with flora restored the same fucosylation pattern as in conventional mice and induced an accumulation of α-1,2-fucosyltransferase mRNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of spermine on intestinal maturation of the glycoprotein glycosylation process in neonatal rats

Greco

Hugueny

George

et al. 1999

Biochemical Journal

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Previous work has shown an inverse evolution of the rat intestinal glycoprotein sialylation that decreases from birth to weaning and of fucosylation that increases markedly after weaning during postnatal development. At weaning time, an increase in the intestinal level of polyamines (and especially that of spermine) was observed, owing partly to the higher level of spermine found in solid food given to rats at this period in comparison with the level found in milk. To study the role of this polyamine as a possible maturation factor of the glycoprotein glycosylation, suckling rats were treated for 4 days with spermine administered orally. This treatment allowed us to mimic the spermine increase that was observed naturally in rat small intestine after weaning because, in intestines of spermine-treated suckling rats, spermine was the only polyamine to be increased and was at a level similar to that of weaned rats. Spermine treatment did not induce appreciable changes in sialyltransferase activity or in sialylation of the brush-border-membrane glycoproteins. On the contrary,

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A Model of Host-Microbial Interactions in an Open Mammalian Ecosystem

Cited by 564 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of inulin and di-d-fructose dianhydride-enriched caramels on intestinal microbiota composition and performance of broiler chickens

Effects of inulin and di-d-fructose dianhydride-enriched caramels on intestinal microbiota composition and performance of broiler chickens

Effects of feed additives on the development on the ileal bacterial community of the broiler chicken

Influence of spermine on intestinal maturation of the glycoprotein glycosylation process in neonatal rats

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