A model for the prediction of liquid–liquid interfacial energies

Improved Derivation of the Butler Equations for Surface Tension of Solutions

“…Now, let us substitute eq into eq Equation is very similar to the so-called second Butler equation, but with surface tension on its left-hand side instead of the partial surface tension of component i . Let us mention that a similar reasoning to our eqs ,– also appeared in refs , . Equation is valid for all components of the solution, so it can be equally written for components A and B for the A–B solution Equation is sufficient to calculate both the equilibrium surface composition and equilibrium surface tension of the binary A–B solution, if the following materials balance equations are taken into account Suppose that ω A o , σ A o , ω B o , and σ B o are known as functions of temperature.…”

Liquid–liquid interfaces: a unique and advantageous environment to prepare and process thin films of complex materials

“…The adsorption of solid nanoparticles of different size and shape at liquid/liquid (L/L) interfaces has been the subject of several reports and reviews, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] starting from the work of Ramsden 13 and Pickering 14 at the beginning of the last century, that have received a lot of attention in the last few years. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Some recent papers and reviews have been published on the nature and properties of L/L interfaces, 4,[15][16][17] as well as on the dynamics of solid particles stabilized at those interfaces. 5,6,8,9,11,18,19 Deeper discussions on these subjects are beyond the scope of this review, and can be found on the cited literature.…”

“…5,6,8,9,11,18,19 Deeper discussions on these subjects are beyond the scope of this review, and can be found on the cited literature. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Also, there is recent growing interest in the preparation, stabilization, characterization and application of solids at L/L interfaces, but without any concern for removal to be applied out of the L/L interface: Rao and Kalyanikutty for example reported the stabilization of inorganic nanoparticles (metals, semiconductors and metal oxides) at L/L interfaces and proposed a model for the film growth; 3 Thomas et al also reported the preparation of thin films of similar materials at water/oil interfaces; 4 the application of gold nano-films at L/L interfaces as platforms for redox electrocatalysis, nanoplasmonic sensors and electrovariable optics has been recently reviewed by Scanlon et al; 8 the self-assembly of Janus nanoparticles with different geometries at L/L interfaces was reported by Ruhland et al; 20 the catalytic performance of metal and oxide nanoparticles at L/L interfaces has been demonstrated; 21,22 and Dryfe's group has been publishing very elegant results in recent years on chemical functionalization and electrochemistry involving solids at different L/L interfaces, mainly immiscible electrolyte solutions. [23][24][25][26][27] However, it is important to clarify that this review is focused on the thin film itself and its application in thin film technology, i.e.…”

Transparent, Conducting Self‐Assembled CuS Nanostructures at and beyond Liquid‐Liquid Interface and their Electrocatalytic Properties

“…The liquid‐liquid interface (LLI) technique has been explored to synthesize a variety of materials in situ [12,15,16] and assembles single [17–22] or multi‐component systems in the form of thin films, which can be further transferred over any substrate [23–27] . LLI technique uses an interface between two immiscible/partially miscible liquids, where solid particles can self‐assemble to form thin films with control of the homogeneity and thickness [22,28–36] . The process is simple and uses relatively cheap equipment, and operates at ambient conditions.…”

“…[23][24][25][26][27] LLI technique uses an interface between two immiscible/partially miscible liquids, where solid particles can self-assemble to form thin films with control of the homogeneity and thickness. [22,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The process is simple and uses relatively cheap equipment, and operates at ambient conditions. Most of the studies using LLI so far limited to synthesize/organize materials with different shapes parallel to the interface leading to the formation of thin films.…”