A model for the generation of small particles in laser ablation ICP-MS

Hergenröder, Roland

doi:10.1039/b604453k

Cited by 47 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Raizer considered the self-consistent problem of vapor condensation during expansion, as applied to the problem of cosmic dust in star formation regions. A constituent of the analysis is the classical theory of nucleation and production of nanoparticle aggregates which was developed in [3,8]. This theory of dynamic condensation of expanding vapor will be referred to as the Raizer-Zeldovich (RZ) theory, and is technically outlined in detail in [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Time to Nucleation: Graphite and Silicon Nanoparticle Generation by Laser Ablation

Senadheera

Tan

Venkatakrishnan

2009

Journal of Nanotechnology

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Femtosecond laser ablation hydrodynamics has been analyzed numerically. The nucleation process of two materials (silicon and graphite) in an expanding plume produced by a femtosecond laser ablation is analyzed within the framework of the ZeldovichRaizer theory (RZ theory). RZ theory is the most appropriate theory applicable to an expanding plume created by a femtosecond laser ablation and has been used to estimate the critical times in the evolution of nanoparticle formation. However, there is no experimental result to directly substantiate the theoretical model on a fundamental level. This paper gives an experimental approach to prove theoretical predictions of critical times to nucleation in laser-ablated graphite and silicon plumes. The critical time to nucleation deduced using the RZ theory was found to be in close agreement with pulse frequency at which fibrous nanoparticle aggregates start to form for both materials. We experimentally showed that the nanoparticle aggregates were produced consistently when the pulse frequency corresponding to the femtosecond laser time interval was shorter than the critical time to begin nucleation. Therefore the nucleation time acts as a threshold time length to begin nucleation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At early times, the plume front is spherical in nature, but as time evolves the plume front becomes sharpened Figure 6. Along with sharpening, the expanding plume front splits into a fast and a slow moving clouds indicating plume splitting [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Nanoparticle Production By Laser Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Time to Nucleation: Graphite and Silicon Nanoparticle Generation by Laser Ablation

Senadheera

Tan

Venkatakrishnan

2009

Journal of Nanotechnology

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“…Classical nucleation theory was applied to obtain the nucleation rate within the vapor plume. Previous simulations have used specified temperature profiles to determine the condensation within the vapor plume [2,3,8]. In the present work, the condensation processes were coupled with the gas dynamics of the vapor plume and solved simultaneously to obtain the temperature profile and the subsequent particle size distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments such as light scattering and photoluminescence have been used for real-time imaging of the particle production process to study the effects of different experimental parameters [5,19,20]. Analyses simulating particle production and the subsequent particle size distribution based on classical nucleation theory also have been carried out [2,3,8] . However, few studies present both experimental and theoretical analyses at the same time which assists in the understanding of particle generation and growth phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and theoretical studies of particle generation after laser ablation of copper with a background gas at atmospheric pressure

Wen¹,

Mao²,

Greif³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physics

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Laser ablation has proven to be an effective method for generating nanoparticles; particles are produced in the laser induced vapor plume during the cooling stage. To understand the in-situ condensation process, a series of time resolved light scattering images were recorded and analyzed. Significant changes in the condensation rate and the shape of the condensed aerosol plume were observed in two background gases, helium and argon. The primary particle shape and size distribution were measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a differential mobility analyzer (DMA). The gas dynamics simulation included nucleation and coagulation within the vapor plume, heat and mass transfer from the vapor plume to the background gas, and heat transfer to the sample. The experimental data and the calculated evolution of the shape of the vapor plume showed the same trend for the spatial distribution of the condensed particles in both background gases. The simulated 1 particle size distribution also qualitatively agreed with the experimental data. It was determined that the laser energy, the physical properties of the background gas (conductivity, diffusivity and viscosity), and the shape of the ablation system (ablation chamber and the layout of the sample) have strong effects on the condensation process and the subsequent sizes, shapes and degree of aggregation of the particles.--

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Laser Ablation in Atomic Spectroscopy

Horn

2010

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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This article covers the developments in the field of laser ablation and highlights the current issues under investigation. Fundamental parameters such pulse width, wavelength, elemental and isotopic fractionation, the ablation mechanism, precision, and accuracy as well the the available software packages for calculation and manipulation of the data obtained by laser ablation are discussed. Ongoing research is focused on elemental‐isotopic fractionation and on high‐precision stable isotope ratio determinations and the use of femtosecond pulses for ablation. The recent results obtained using femtosecond pulses for ablation illustrate that this analytical technique is still under development.

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A model for the generation of small particles in laser ablation ICP-MS

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Critical Time to Nucleation: Graphite and Silicon Nanoparticle Generation by Laser Ablation

Critical Time to Nucleation: Graphite and Silicon Nanoparticle Generation by Laser Ablation

Experimental and theoretical studies of particle generation after laser ablation of copper with a background gas at atmospheric pressure

Laser Ablation in Atomic Spectroscopy

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