A model for the expression of CaMV nucleic acid

Hull, Roger

doi:10.1007/bf00016059

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A related model based on RNA secondary structure and ribosome binding studies has been proposed for translation of reading frames downstream of avian retrovirus leader sequences (Darlix et al, 1982). Hull (1984) suggested a similar model that involves RNA folding and discontinuous ribosome translocation for expression of CaMV ORFs I -V; however, no experimental data in support of this model have been published so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive and negative control of translation by the leader sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus pregenomic 35S RNA.

et al. 1990

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We have studied the influence of the 600 nt long leader sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA on downstream translation. Plant protoplasts were transfected with plasmids expressing a CAT reporter gene from a mRNA, containing wild‐type or mutant forms of the 35S RNA leader. Deletion analysis revealed the presence of three separate stimulatory sequence regions, S1, S2 and S3. The latter two interact with each other to enhance downstream translation 5‐ to 10‐fold. This enhancement was not observed in protoplasts from a non‐host plant. In the absence of either S2 or S3, the region I2, located in between, exerts an inhibitory effect on downstream translation, probably due to the presence of short open reading frames. Expression of a reporter gene inserted into I2 increases 2‐fold upon deletion of either S2 or S3. We propose that mRNA regions S2 and S3 form a complex with cellular factors that allows scanning ribosomes to bypass region I2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive and negative control of translation by the leader sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus pregenomic 35S RNA.

et al. 1990

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“…Sequences 3' of this region including ORF VII and all of the intergenomic region between ORFs VII and I can be deleted without decreasing viral infectivity. According to a model for expression of the CaMV genome (Hull, 1984), a putative ribosome binding site may be brought close to each of the ORFs I to V by base pairing of a sequence adjacent to this ribosome binding site to a sequence upstream of the initiation codon of each ORF. This is similar to the model proposed by Darlix et al (1982) for translation of Rous sarcoma virus RNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of translation of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome from a polycistronic mRNA: evidence from deletion mutagenesis

1984

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Mutants with deletions in the open reading frame (ORF) VII to I region of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome were constructed in vitro and tested for infectivity by inoculation of plants. Sequences within ORF VII and the intergenomic region between ORFs VII and I are not required for viral infectivity. Nevertheless, the location of translation initiation and termination codons within this region governs the infectivity of the virus. Firstly, translation beginning at the initiation codon of ORF VII should reach an in‐phase termination codon before the initiation codon of ORF I. Secondly, an initiation codon should be located in the vicinity of the sequence homologous to methionine tRNA, the proposed primer binding site for reverse transcription. Results suggest translation from a polycistronic mRNA by a ‘relay race’ mechanism whereby ribosomes after passing a termination codon re‐initiate protein synthesis at the nearest AUG codon.

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“…In the absence of any other RNA encoding ORFs I to V, Sieg and Gronenborn (1982) proposed that the 35S RNA is a polycistronic messenger as in prokaryotes and may be translated in a 'relay-raee' fashion. This contention was substantiated by Dixon and Hohn (1985), who showed that mutations introduced into dispensible CaMV genes were viable only if translation of the altered ORF terminated before the start of the next ORF, Hull (1984) proposed on the other hand a 'translational splicing' of the 35S RNA, by which the 5' end of the 700 nucleotides long leader sequence would base-pair with regions close upstream of the AUG opening each ORF, To test whether the 35S RNA could indeed be translated in vitro, Gordon et al, (1988) used transcription vectors containing cloned CaMV sequences to generate a series of RNAs that could be used to program in vitro translation systems. The questions addressed were: how does the 700 nueleotides long leader sequence affect translational efficiency and regulation, can tandemly arranged genes be translated in relay-race fashion, and are some of the viral proteins translated as polyproteins that undergo subsequent processing?…”

Section: Ly-anslationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cauliflower Mosaic Virus as a probe for studying gene expression in plants

Pfeiffer

Höhn

1989

Physiologia Plantarum

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Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) represents a natural set of cloned genes, which have to replicate and be expressed in plant cells. Because CaMV DNA cloned in a plasmid is infectious, the viral genome can be assayed for dispensable regions and used as an episomal vector for the introduction and expression of foreign genes in host plants; however, its usefulness is restricted by the limited payload it can accommodate and by the existence of a reverse transcription step in the viral replication cycle. Direct gene transfer and viral infection mediated by Agrobacterium have now extended the possibilities of manipulating CaMV DNA to non‐hosts and allowed regeneration of transgenic plants, which should permit dissection of the functions of the various viral genes. Analysis of CaMV promoters has also defined enhancer sequences that maximize expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants. Finally, the translational strategy of CaMV is now being investigated by direct introduction into protoplasts of DNA constructs that contain combinations of sequences thought to regulate translation of the viral transcripts.

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A model for the expression of CaMV nucleic acid

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Positive and negative control of translation by the leader sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus pregenomic 35S RNA.

Positive and negative control of translation by the leader sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus pregenomic 35S RNA.

Initiation of translation of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome from a polycistronic mRNA: evidence from deletion mutagenesis

Cauliflower Mosaic Virus as a probe for studying gene expression in plants

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