A model for the corrosion of steel subjected to synthetic produced water containing sulfate, chloride and hydrogen sulfide

Smith, Peter J.; Roy, Sudipta; Swailes, David; Maxwell, Stephen; Page, David; Lawson, John

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2011.07.033

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is also the case for hydrogen atoms and molecules emerging from sulfide corrosion [see chemical reactions (1)] and leading to widespread hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) and hydrogen embrittlement favored at high temperatures (Liu et al 2014;Bai et al 2014). Increased H 2 gas concentrations also measured in the fluid flow of the geothermal facilities investigated in this study (Seibt 2010) are recognized as an indicator of significant corrosion (Smith et al 2011;Alt-Epping et al 2013). As a major consequence, steel surfaces become increasingly brittle and show a weakened mechanical resistance against (shearing) stress and strain, e.g., from the streaming thermal fluid.…”

Section: Scale-fragment Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Scale-fragment formation impairing geothermal energy production: interacting H2S corrosion and CaCO3 crystal growth

Boch

Leis²,

Haslinger

et al. 2017

Geotherm Energy

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Section: Scale-fragment Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Scale-fragment formation impairing geothermal energy production: interacting H2S corrosion and CaCO3 crystal growth

Boch

Leis²,

Haslinger

et al. 2017

Geotherm Energy

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“…Later on, models were introduced incorporating both steps, more processes such as passive film formation were added and specific models for specific conditions were developed. Although these models are elaborate, they require extensive knowledge about the material, its origin and the process, which poses problems for both their development and more so for their validation [32]. Therefore, the use of new modeling paradigms such as artificial neural networks [33], statistical models [34] and cellular automata (CAs) are being explored [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling pitting corrosion by means of a 3D discrete stochastic model

et al. 2014

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“…In this model, qualitative matches were found between experiment and model (Smith et al 2011), but without the inclusion of a carbon source to shift the metabolic electron donor, this model is limited in applicability to a laboratory system. Further, their use of a 1D system in corrosion prevents the ability to analyse pitting, or to show the downstream effects of an active biofilm.…”

Section: Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, work has been done on pairing electrochemical degradation with a functional biofilm (Smith et al 2011), but direct electron uptake has not been analysed mathematically. In this model, qualitative matches were found between experiment and model (Smith et al 2011), but without the inclusion of a carbon source to shift the metabolic electron donor, this model is limited in applicability to a laboratory system.…”

Section: Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predictive empirical models have been used to determine electrochemical rates in acidic, sulfide-rich abiotic conditions (Zheng, Brown and Nesic, 2013). Pipe losses in sub-sea pipelines involve anaerobic abiotic corrosion, and this system has been numerically modelled as a lumpedparameter system (Smith et al, 2011). While able to predict average corrosion rates in abiotic environments, this style of lumped-parameter model cannot take into account pitting, a main cause of pipeline failure, and does not include biological activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical modelling of electron transfer modes in electroactive microorganisms

Fischer¹

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Electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) are known to function in a variety of systems, and receive strong focus in scientific investigation; microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are two key fields utilising these microorganisms to date. Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) and the conduction of filamentous bacteria in ocean sediments also make use of external electrical currents to enable growth in what otherwise may be an abiotic environment. With the discovery of more of these systems and a growing understanding of their relevance over the past couple of decades, research into them has been steadily increasing. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and impedance analysis have been used to gain a greater understanding of the system. However, mechanistic model-based analysis has lagged behind, with the fundamentals and consequences of electron transfer still not fully understood. Mechanistic investigation is vital for the progression and furthering of related research, and for highlighting the interactions occurring within EAMs, as many processes occur at a level that cannot be resolved by experimental systems. While a number of models have described extracellular electron transfer, in particular, for MFCs, none have analysed short-range electrontransfer mechanisms on a comparative basis. This thesis uses common finiteelement and electrochemical diffusive-reactive modelling techniques to investigate electroactive organisms in highly diverse environments. One such system is a filamentous sulfide-oxidising system in ocean sediment. Filamentous bacteria grow between sulfide-rich and oxygen-rich regions, transferring electrons between selfdetermined anodic and cathodic zones. Splitting of the metabolic pathway between partners allows growth to be determined thermodynamically rather than empirically, with bacteria releasing or consuming electrons depending upon the available substrate. This modelling approach determined that the bacteria, while electroactive, cannot grow with the rates seen experimentally, and highlighted that the current conceptual picture is incomplete. A similar approach is used to investigate microbially influenced corrosion, showing that direct electrical uptake greatly exacerbates corrosion when compared to a purely chemical system, due to the shifting of the electrical potential of the metal and the subsequent increase in electrochemical rates. This model of corrosion rates in carbon steel showed the variability with changing environmental conditions and bacterial activity, ranging from ii as little as 0.05 mm/yr to a very significant 1.5 mm/yr with highly aggressive biofilms.

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A model for the corrosion of steel subjected to synthetic produced water containing sulfate, chloride and hydrogen sulfide

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Scale-fragment formation impairing geothermal energy production: interacting H2S corrosion and CaCO3 crystal growth

Scale-fragment formation impairing geothermal energy production: interacting H2S corrosion and CaCO3 crystal growth

Modeling pitting corrosion by means of a 3D discrete stochastic model

Mathematical modelling of electron transfer modes in electroactive microorganisms

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