A model for the complex permittivity of water at frequencies below 1 THz

Liebe, Hans J.; Hufford, George A.; Manabe, Tetsuya

doi:10.1007/bf01008897

Cited by 537 publications

(376 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In our approach, Liebe model [20] of complex refractive index of water, which is a function of temperature, has been used to obtain the Mie coefficients. The temperature of rainy medium is considered 20 • C in ITU-R model which is suitable for temperate region.…”

Section: Rain Attenuation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAIN ATTENUATION MODELING IN THE 10-100 GHz FREQUENCY USING DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES IN TROPICAL INDIA

Das¹,

Maitra²,

Shukla³

2010

PIER B

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Abstract-Rain drop size distributions (DSD) are measured with disdrometers at five different climatic locations in the Indian tropical region. The distribution of drop size is assumed to be lognormal to model the rain attenuation in the frequency range of 10-100 GHz. The rain attenuation is estimated assuming single scattering of spherical rain drops. Different attenuation characteristics are observed for different regions due to the dependency of DSD on climatic conditions. A comparison shows that significant differences between ITU-R model and DSD derived values occur at high frequency and at high rain rates for different regions. At frequencies below 30 GHz, the ITU-R model matches well with the DSD generated values up to 30 mm/h rain rate but differ above that. The results will be helpful in understanding the pattern of rain attenuation variation and designing the systems at EHF bands in the tropical region.

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Section: Rain Attenuation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAIN ATTENUATION MODELING IN THE 10-100 GHz FREQUENCY USING DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES IN TROPICAL INDIA

Das¹,

Maitra²,

Shukla³

2010

PIER B

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“…Moreover, the dielectric properties of bacteria are assumed here to be similar to the water. This assumption is motivated by the availability of water properties in the terahertz and the infrared bands (see [14] for the range 15 THz-150 THz, [15] for the range 5 GHz-30 THz, and [16] for the range 114-833 THz). Also, this approximation has been utilized in the literature at lower frequencies and can be justified by the fact that water constitutes the majority of the cellular contents [17].…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Scattering Shape Reconstruction of 3d Bacteria Using the Level Set Algorithm

Hassan¹,

Hajihashemi²,

El-Shenawee³

2012

PIER B

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Abstract-Bacteria exist in a variety of groups of shapes, sizes, and single or multiple cell formations. In this paper, the level set shape reconstruction technique, the method of moments, and the marching cubes methods are integrated in the high frequency band for imaging three dimensional bacteria. The time step and the resolution of the marching cubes method are investigated to smooth the error function of the level set and hence speed up the convergence at high frequencies. The numerical results demonstrate the robustness of the level set algorithm for the detection of bacteria based on their shapes. The three dimensional shape reconstructions of unknown bacteria can be utilized to classify biological warfare agents.

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“…(16), we have the approximate forms of extinction cross section and specific rain attenuation Figure 2 shows the behavior of rain attenuation for several parameters. The permittivity of water is a function of temperature and frequency, and one of the proposed formulas [19] gives, at 20 • C, ε r = 79. 8 − j4.4, 60.8 − j32.7, 7.4 − j12.6, and 4.0 − j2.2 for 1, 10, 100, and 1000 GHz, respectively.…”

Section: Fineness Of Drop Size Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2. Complex conjugate of relative permittivity of water [19]. Figure 3 shows the deviation of the rain attenuation γ from that at 20 • C as a function of the frequency f , temperature T , and rainfall R. In order that the results may be deterministic, we neglect the multiple scattering effect which depends on the position of spheres.…”

Section: Fineness Of Drop Size Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among a lot of distribution models to determine the raindrop size, including classical Marshall and Palmer's [15] and the Gamma one [16], we select the Weibull model [17], because it was reported that the last model yields the best agreement with the experimental data [18]. As for the permittivity of water, we use Liebe's formula [19] since it works up to 1 THz and covers the low frequency region where Debye type expression is effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Temperature and Multiple Scattering on Rain Attenuation of Electromagnetic Waves by a Simple Spherical Model

Setijadi¹,

Matsushima

Tanaka³

et al. 2009

PIER

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Abstract-Specific rain attenuation is discussed from the viewpoint of numerical solution for scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves related to dielectric spheres. Special attention is paid to the quantitative evaluations considering the change of temperature and the existence of multiple scattering effect. The analysis is based on the set of Stratton's vector spherical wave functions and its addition theorem, which lead to the simultaneous linear equations for the expansion coefficients with adaptively selected truncation numbers. Computed extinction cross sections lead directly to the specific rain attenuation, where the Weibull raindrop distribution model is used. It is discussed how the dependence of the permittivity of water on temperature and frequency affects the attenuation property. Furthermore, the effect of multiple scattering is evaluated in terms of the root mean square of attenuation deviation from the simple superposition of single scattering (Mie's) coefficients. Contrary to general belief, this deviation is the highest at around the boundary between microwave and millimeter wave bands.

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A model for the complex permittivity of water at frequencies below 1 THz

Cited by 537 publications

References 21 publications

RAIN ATTENUATION MODELING IN THE 10-100 GHz FREQUENCY USING DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES IN TROPICAL INDIA

RAIN ATTENUATION MODELING IN THE 10-100 GHz FREQUENCY USING DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES IN TROPICAL INDIA

Inverse Scattering Shape Reconstruction of 3d Bacteria Using the Level Set Algorithm

Effect of Temperature and Multiple Scattering on Rain Attenuation of Electromagnetic Waves by a Simple Spherical Model

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