1999
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-4073(97)00221-5
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A Model for the Bidirectional Polarized Reflectance of Snow

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Cited by 65 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…All the polar plots of HDRF in Fig. 4 show that the snow is forward scattering with values peaking at the top of the plots, in agreement with Kuhn (1985), Dozier et al (1988), Warren et al (1998), Leroux et al (1999), Aoki and Fukabori (2000), Painter and Dozier (2004), Li and Zhou (2004), Peltoniemi et al (2005), and Dumont et al (2010). The forward scattering pattern is most clear in sites B, C and D where the forward scattering peak occurs at zenith angles N 55°and azimuth angles ± 45°of 0°.…”
Section: Variation In Polar Plots Of Hdrf Of Individual Sitessupporting
confidence: 80%
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“…All the polar plots of HDRF in Fig. 4 show that the snow is forward scattering with values peaking at the top of the plots, in agreement with Kuhn (1985), Dozier et al (1988), Warren et al (1998), Leroux et al (1999), Aoki and Fukabori (2000), Painter and Dozier (2004), Li and Zhou (2004), Peltoniemi et al (2005), and Dumont et al (2010). The forward scattering pattern is most clear in sites B, C and D where the forward scattering peak occurs at zenith angles N 55°and azimuth angles ± 45°of 0°.…”
Section: Variation In Polar Plots Of Hdrf Of Individual Sitessupporting
confidence: 80%
“…BRDF of snow was additionally determined under laboratory conditions (Dumont et al, 2010) and through modelling (e.g. Dozier et al, 1988;Leroux, Lenoble, Brogniez, Hovenier, & De Haan, 1999).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both assumed that ice particles with internally mixed soot impurities of 0.2 ppmw and 0.5 ppmw in mass concentration, and externally mixed dust par- ticles as in the Dust-Only model. For the refractive indices of soot-contaminated ice particles, we averaged the refractive indices for ice and soot with the weight of the volume fraction of each component (Choudhury et al 1981;Leroux et al 1999). The soot aerosol particles, which have very small terminal velocity due to their small mean radius and density, seem rarely to contribute to the dry deposition through the gravitational settling and thus should be brought into the snow mainly through the wet deposition during snowfall.…”
Section: Snow Physical Parameters and Broadband Albedosmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In such a case the adding-doubling method can be used, with or without asymptotic fitting [cf. Jafolla et al 1997; Leroux et al, 1999;Li, 1982], but for a semi-infinite layer one can also make use of Ambarzumian's nonlinear integral equation [See Sobolev, 1972, and Problem P5.7], using an iterative technique [cf. Dlugach and Yanovitskij, 1974;De Rooij, 1985].…”
Section: Very Thick Atmospheresmentioning
confidence: 99%