A model for teaching sophomore medical students the essentials of the male genital-rectal examination

Behrens, Annie; Barnes, H. Verdain; Gerber, Walter L.; Albanese, Mark J.; Matthes, Sandra; Cangelosi, Antonina Marta

doi:10.1097/00001888-197907000-00013

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Positive evaluations were reported from learners, 3,6,15,18,21,22,24,27,28,31–34,36,40,44–46,48,51,52,54,58,59,62,67,69,70 patients 17,41,45,52,62,73 and faculty staff 25 . The learners found teaching using SPs to be useful in that it enhanced understanding of the doctor–patient relationship, 15,34,51 provided immediate and constructive feedback on performance, 15,27,28,31,36,58 was less threatening than examining RPs in clinics 22,27,28,34,51,73 and facilitated a better understanding of the examination process 44,70 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This included awareness regarding concerns that patients may have 15,33,44,58 or ethical awareness of issues pertaining to intimate examination training 22,36 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were also practical issues involved in finding willing patients in clinics 8,28,38 and ethical issues related to using RPs to teach, 8,27,40,44,45 including the infringement of patients’ rights. In addition, RPs do not provide feedback to students on their clinical performance, whereas SPs are specifically trained to do so in a structured manner, both during and after the examination 3,6,7,33,50,54,61,68,70 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reports from GTAs of relationship problems and an increased risk of vaginal infections 41 and reports from teaching associate simulated patients (TASPs) of discomfort during genital and rectal examination 33 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patient involvement in teaching and assessing intimate examination skills: a systematic review

et al. 2010

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OBJECTIVES There are recognised difficulties in teaching and assessing intimate examination skills that relate to the sensitive nature of the various examinations and the anxiety faced by novice learners. This systematic review provides a summary of the evidence for the involvement of real patients (RPs) and simulated patients (SPs) in the training of health care professionals in intimate examination skills.METHODS For the review, 'intimate examinations' included pelvic, breast, testicular and rectal examinations. Major databases were searched from the start of the database to December 2008. The synthesis of findings is integrated by narrative structured to address the main research questions, which sought to establish: the objectives of programmes involving RPs and SPs as teachers of intimate examination skills; reasons why SPs have been involved in this training; the evidence for the effectiveness of such training programmes; the evidence for measures of anxiety in students learning how to perform intimate examinations; how well issues of sexuality are addressed in the literature; any reported negative effects of involvement in teaching on the patients, and suggestions for practical strategies for involving patients in the teaching of intimate examination skills.RESULTS A total of 65 articles were included in the review. Involving patients in teaching intimate examination skills offers advantages over traditional methods of teaching. Objective evidence for the effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through improved clinical performance, reduced anxiety and positive evaluation of programmes. Practical strategies for implementing such programmes are also reported.CONCLUSIONS There is evidence of a shortterm positive impact of patient involvement in the teaching and assessment of intimate examination skills; however, evidence of longer-term impact is still limited. The influences of sexuality and anxiety related to such examinations are explored to some extent, but the psychological impact on learners and patients is not well addressed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This included awareness regarding concerns that patients may have 15,33,44,58 or ethical awareness of issues pertaining to intimate examination training 22,36 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Patient involvement in teaching and assessing intimate examination skills: a systematic review

et al. 2010

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“…[8][9][10][11][12] A well-documented source of anxiety for medical students is intimate clinical examinations. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Medical students con- ducting their first clinical female pelvic examination have been noted to experience a range of emotions, including anxiety, embarrassment, self-doubt, and fear of evaluation. 21,22 In our previous work, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of various instructional methods on students' interactions with pelvic exam teaching associates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%