A model for teaching parents to facilitate fluent speech

Langlois, Aimee; Long, Steven H.

doi:10.1016/0094-730x(88)90045-9

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Paradoxically, this may allow the child to communicate more, taking longer turns and initiating as well as responding. Although DL's use of language was not formally monitored, it was apparent that he began to use more and longer utterances Questions often allow adults to direct behaviour (Langlois & Long, 1988), thus their reduction gave DL more scope to learn by trial and error, to develop imaginative play skills and to reduce reliance on his father generally. Parental value of the child's contribution may help to foster the 'unconditional regard' which is so important in the parent's perception of the child (Conture, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing parental rate of speech has been shown to result in an increase in a child's fluency (Langlois & Long, 1988;Stephenson-Opsal & Bernstein-Ratner, 1988;Guitar et al, 1992). Consequently, it is an obvious target for therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Helping parents to find less directive roles in play (Andronico & Blake, 1971) and to react more positively to their child's communication by reducing verbal aggression and interruptions (Egolf, Shames, Johnson & Kasprisin-Burrelli, 1972) have been shown to be correlated with increases in fluency. One of the most successfully modified variables has been the reduction of maternal rate of speech (Langlois & Long, 1988; Stephenson-Opsal & Bernstein-Ratner, 1988; Guitar, Kopf-Schaefer, Donahue-Kilburg & Bond, 1992). This has the associated benefit that it reduces the linguistic complexity of the mothers' speech and their inter-speaker pause time (Bernstein-Ratner, 1992), variables which have also been shown to relate to the frequency of dysfluency (Conture & Caruso, 1987; Gaines, Runyon & Meyers, 1991J. Although most studies have sought to modify the mother's interaction with the child, the importance of the father's role in therapy has increasingly been recognised (McConkey, 1985; Guitar et al, 1992) and is strongly advocated by Rustin, Botterill and Kelman (1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent—child interaction therapy and dysfluency: a single‐case study

Matthews

Williams

Pring

1997

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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Abstracts The hypothesis that the modification of parent‐child interaction would reduce the dysfluency of a preschool child was tested in an experimental single‐case study. The subject, a four‐year‐old boy with a moderate to severe stutter, and his parents attended their local clinic for a total of 17 weeks. On each visit, 20‐minute play periods with each parent were recorded and measures of fluency taken. No advice was offered in the first six weeks and these measures were used as a baseline for subsequent therapy. Therapy was given over the next six weeks. The parents were advised to make changes in their style of interaction and were asked to practise these at home each day. During the final five weeks, which served as consolidation, the parents continued to practise their skills at home but no new advice was offered. The analysis found no significant trend in the child's dysfluency during the baseline period, a significant improvement during therapy and stabilisation of the lower rate of dysfluencies during the maintenance period. Une étude expérimentale portant sur un cas unique a servi à tester l'hypothèse que la modification de l'interaction entre parents et enfant permettrait de réduire le défaut d'élocution d'un enfant d'age préscolaire. Le sujet, un garçon de quatre ans souffrant d'une forme modérée de bégaiement, est allé avec ses parents à un service de consultation local pendant 17 semaines au total. Lors de chaque visite l'on a procédé à l'enregistrement de périodes de jeu de 20 minutes avec chaque parent et à des mesures du défaut d'élocution. L'on s'est gardé de donner aucun conseil pendant les six premières semaines qui ont servi de base de départ pour le traitement qui a suivi; ce dernier a duré pendant les six semaines suivantes, au cours desquelles l'on a conseillé aux parents de modifier leur type d'interaction et chaque jour de mettre en pratique à la maison les modifications. Pendant les cinq dernières semaines, qui ont servi de consolidation, les parents ont continué de pratiquer leur technique à la maison sans bénéficier de nouveaux conseils. L'analyse n'a révélé aucune tendance significative dans le défaut d'élocution de l'enfant pendant la période de base, une amélioration significative pendant le traitement et une stabilisation du niveau plus bas du défaut d'élocution pendant la période de maintien. Die Hypothese, daβ eine Umstellung der Eltern‐Kindinteraktionen Sprechfluβstörungen bei einem Vorschulkind reduzieren könnte, wurde in einer experimentellen Einzelfallstudie geprüft. Ein vierjähriger, Junge mit mäβigem Stottem besuchte 17 Wochen long mit seinen Eltern die Sprachtherapieklinik in seiner Nähe. Beijedem Besuch wurden eine 20‐minütige Spielphase mitjedem Eltemteil aufgezeichnet und daraus die Sprechfluβwerte erhoben. In den ersten sechs Wochen die als Basis für die darauffolgende Thérapie dienten, wurden keine Ratschläge gegeben. In den folgenden sechs Wochen fand die Therapie statt. Den Eltern wurde geraten, bestimmte Veränderungen in ihrem Interaktionsstil vorzunehmen und den...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent—child interaction therapy and dysfluency: a single‐case study

Matthews

Williams

Pring

1997

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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“…Several researchers of treatment for stutterers have trained parents to provide indirect treatment involving ILS techniques similar to Weybright & Tanzer' s. Some researchers use a combination of parental interaction plus counselling, discipline techniques, and rate modification (Johnson, 1980;Langlois & Long, 1988, Starkweather, 1987. Johnson ( 1980) From this review, it can be seen that both direct and indirect treatment programs have involved parents and results suggest that parents can be trained to provide treatment for their own children.…”

Section: Specific Indirect Language Stimulation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Langlois and Long ( 1988) found that parents of dysfluent children tended to use ~irective speech acts which in.eluded _questions and commands. They interrupted their children more;' and used a rapid rate of speaking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect intervention for preschool stutterers

Bowers¹

2000

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This study investigated the advisability of utilizing parents to provide treatment for their dysfluent preschoolers. It involved the development, implementation and evaluation of a specific treatment program involving indirect language stimulation techniques. The primary question asked was whether or not parents can be successful in significantly reducing or eliminating dysfluent speech in their children. The secondary question was whether or not parents can be trained successfully to provide treatment.2 Four children and their mothers were involved in the study. The four children were determined to be incipient stutterers rather than having normal nonfluencies by using the criteria set up by Adams (1977). The mother-child dyad was videotaped in a play situation for 20 minutes before the training period began. Then the mothers were trained to use specific language stimulation techniques which encouraged positive and neutral statements and discouraged negative statements, such as commands and questions. They used these techniques once each day for six weeks during a 30-minute session alone with the child. In order to compensate for the possible positive effect of spending time alone with the child, a second six-week period was spent simply reading to the child and not interacting in a personal way. The mothers' comments were analyzed before treatment began and after each six week period. The Stuttering Severity Instrument (SSI), (Riley and Riley, 1980), was applied to evaluate the child's speech samples during the initial session and each six week period. A follow-up session was videotaped six months after treatment ended.The data were analyzed by comparing individual SSI scores and percentages. Jack, Steve and Sophia showed impressive improvement in their fluent speech following the treatment period and at the follow-up session. Ross showed no improvement after the treatment period, but showed some improvement after six months.The answer to the primary question whether the children's stuttering behavior is improved by the parent treatment program is not entirely affirmative. Although three of the children did make meaningful improvement in their speech, one child in the study did not, at least not until six months after the study. The secondary question regarding the ability of the parents to learn the treatment program is answered affirmatively as a result of analyses of the mother's conversation after treatment sessions. The degree of change from negative statements and questions to positive statements ranged from 26% to 68% from pretreatment to posttreatment sessions. 3The results of this investigation indicate that some reservations exist in considering a single treatment paradigm such as indirect language stimulation techniques. Although there may by some merit in using ILS in some situations, it seems apparent that factors other than the verbal interaction between caregivers and the child must be considered when adopting a plan for treatment and when choosing indirect over direct intervention.

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Parents as partners: Including mothers and fathers in the treatment of children who stutter

Kelly

1995

Journal of Communication Disorders

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A model for teaching parents to facilitate fluent speech

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Parent—child interaction therapy and dysfluency: a single‐case study

Parent—child interaction therapy and dysfluency: a single‐case study

Indirect intervention for preschool stutterers

Parents as partners: Including mothers and fathers in the treatment of children who stutter

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