A model for intumescent paints

Buckmaster, J.; Anderson, Charles E.; Nachman, A.

doi:10.1016/0020-7225(86)90084-4

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Buckmaster et al [93] later argued based on experimental observation that intumescence occurs at a thin front. Adopting an Eulerian description, they modeled the reaction as occurring at fixed temperature at an infinitely-thin interface between the intumescent char layer and the unreacted material, reducing their model to a Stefan problem.…”

Section: Comprehensive Pyrolysis Models: Intumescent Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results were compared only qualitatively with experimental data because their emphasis was on the mathematical description of the problem rather than making quantitative predictions. Shih et al [95] extended the model developed earlier by Buckmaster et al [93] and treated intumescence as a phase change occurring over a finite temperature range using the concept of a "pseudo latent heat" to account for the endothermicity of the intumescent reaction. Their model was capable of reproducing the "bending" behavior seen in the experimentally measured substrate temperature profiles.…”

Section: Comprehensive Pyrolysis Models: Intumescent Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized pyrolysis model for combustible solids

Lautenberger

Fernandez-Pello

2009

Fire Safety Journal

302

259

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This dissertation presents the derivation, numerical implementation, and verification/validation of a generalized model that can be used to simulate the pyrolysis, gasification, and burning of a wide range of solid fuels encountered in fires. The model can be applied to noncharring and charring solids, composites, intumescent coatings, and smolder in porous media. Care is taken to make the model as general as possible, allowing the user to determine the appropriate level of complexity to include in a simulation. The model considers a user-specified number of gas phase and condensed phase species, each having its own temperature-dependent thermophysical properties.Any number of heterogeneous (gas-solid) or homogeneous (solid-solid or gas-gas) reactions can be specified. Both in-depth radiation transfer through semi-transparent media and radiation transport across pores are considered. Volume change (surface regression or swelling/intumescence) is handled by allowing the size of grid points to change as dictated by mass conservation. All volatiles generated inside the solid escape to the ambient with no resistance to mass transfer unless a pressure solver is invoked; the resultant flow of volatiles is then calculated according to Darcy's law. A gas phase 2 convective-diffusive solver can be invoked to determine the composition of the volatiles.Oxidative pyrolysis is simulated by modeling diffusion of oxygen from the ambient into the pyrolyzing solid where it may participate in reactions. Consequently, the mass flux and composition of volatiles escaping from the solid can be calculated. To aid in determining the required input parameters, the model is coupled to a genetic algorithm that can be used to estimate the required input parameters from bench-scale fire tests or thermogravimetric analysis.

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Section: Comprehensive Pyrolysis Models: Intumescent Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comprehensive Pyrolysis Models: Intumescent Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized pyrolysis model for combustible solids

Lautenberger

Fernandez-Pello

2009

Fire Safety Journal

302

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Proper modeling can provide a useful means to simulate the influence of various parameters on the efficiency of intumescence and help to develop intumescent fire retardant. Several models [5,[7][8][9][10][11] have been developed to study the effects of intumescence on heat transfer to the underlying surface. Most models are onedimensional, and concentrate on the effects of swelling on the thermal properties of the materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling study on the combustion of intumescent fire-retardant polypropylene

Zhang¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

2007

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The heat transfer and burning behavior of intumescent fire-retardant polypropylene were studied by cone calorimeter at heat flux levels of 50 kW·m -2 to establish an essential physical model for the intumescence process in fire. A mathematical model for the burning process of fire-retardant intumescent polymer was put forward based on the assumption that an intumescent front existed between the char layer and virgin layer. The model emphasizes the thermodynamic aspect of the intumescence process and a corresponding submodel is presented. Meanwhile the thicknesses and mass loss rates of the intumescent polypropylene during burning were measured for the validation of the modeling results. Thermal conductivity and heat capacity of polymer material were also measured as input parameters of the model. The validation results showed that the intumescent thicknesses and mass loss rates predicted by the model were in good agreement with the experimental results. The model was also used to predict the temperature distribution across the sample thickness during burning. The study shows that the present model can appropriately describe the intumescent behavior of the polymer and numerically predict its mass loss rates and temperature distribution in fire.

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“…Some understanding of the mechanisms leading to thermal protection has been obtained using one-dimensional models that treat the swelling polymeric material as a single layer with timevarying effective physical parameters [3,4] or as a set of layers consisting of virgin polymer and char separated by a thin pyrolysis zone [5,6,7]. These models have identified two mechanisms responsible for slowing the transport of heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Modeling Of Intumescent Behavior In Fires

Butler¹,

Baum²,

Kashiwagi³

1997

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 5th International Symp

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A method of studying the swelling and thermal behavior of intumescent materials using understanding of the basic physical and chemical processes is described. The material is treated as a highly viscous fluid with properties dependent on temperature. The growth rate, migration, and thermal effects of a large number of bubbles are individually calculated using approximate analytical solutions to mass, momentum, and energy equations, and the collective behavior is obtained as a summation of the individual velocity and temperature fields. The approach and implementation of this model are described and demonstrated.

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A model for intumescent paints

Cited by 56 publications

References 2 publications

Generalized pyrolysis model for combustible solids

Generalized pyrolysis model for combustible solids

Modeling study on the combustion of intumescent fire-retardant polypropylene

Three-dimensional Modeling Of Intumescent Behavior In Fires

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