A model for inhomogeneous large deformation of photo-thermal sensitive hydrogels

Mazaheri, Hashem; Namdar, Amir Hossein; Ghasemkhani, Amir

doi:10.1007/s00707-021-02991-w

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Kargar-Estahbanaty et al (2018) investigated a conceptual design and an analytical solution for light-sensitive bending switches of a soft hydrogel bilayer, based on a modified form of the free energy function and an analytical description of finite bending deformation. Mazaheri et al (2021) presented a 3D constitutive model for photo-thermal sensitive hydrogels based on a free energy decomposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of photo-thermo-sensitive hydrogels by applying the temperature expansion analogy

Mählich

Ehrenhofer

Wallmersperger

2023

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Hydrogels are an outstanding material for sensor and actuator applications, for example, chemosensors and microfluidics, and have been extensively studied in both, experiments as well as in modeling within the last years. The theoretical investigations of hydrogels are key factors for the development of new hydrogel-based concepts in research and engineering. The recent approaches in modeling of the light-sensitive behavior of hydrogels are often complicated and very detailed. Commonly, they are based on the Helmholtz free energy function within a continuum-mechanical framework. In contrast, the Stimulus Expansion Model (SEM) is a simple and very effective approach to embed the swelling properties of a hydrogel into a continuum mechanical framework. Originally, the SEM was applied to chemical stimulation processes based on available experimental swelling curves. The current work provides an extension of the SEM for photo-thermo-sensitive hydrogels. The present approach considers (i) the attenuation of light by applying Lambert-Beer’s law as well as (ii) the energy transfer of light into heat. In this study, PNIPAm hydrogels with incorporated light-absorbing particles of copper-chlorophyllin are investigated. To demonstrate the capabilities of the presented approach, the effect of the variation of (i) light power, (ii) particle volume fraction, and (iii) ambient temperatures on the swelling behavior is analyzed. The obtained results show an excellent correlation with experimental results from literature. Concluding, the extended Stimulus Expansion Model provides further opportunities to design and simulate photo-thermo-sensitive hydrogels for engineering applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of photo-thermo-sensitive hydrogels by applying the temperature expansion analogy

Mählich

Ehrenhofer

Wallmersperger

2023

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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“…[14], [15] and [16]), thermodynamic based approaches [17] or the theory of porous media [18], [19]. Especially for photo-sensitive hydrogels, several theoretical approaches exist in literature to investigate the mechanical behavior [20], [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Extension of the stimulus expansion model for photo‐thermo‐sensitive hydrogels

Mählich

Ehrenhofer

Wallmersperger

2023

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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The stimulus expansion model uses the analogy of thermal expansion in order to model the mechanical swelling behavior of a polymer gel. In the current work, we present an approach to extend the stimulus expansion model for photo‐thermo‐sensitive hydrogels. We describe the swelling behavior by using the stimulus properties, in our case light, as input values and the volume change of the hydrogel as the result by physical coherences. Further, we consider the energy conversion from light into heat within the polymer gel, due to absorption by particles. This phenomenon is considered by an energy balance which depicts the energy input by applying Lambert‐Beer's law. for the absorption of light. By evaluating the energy balance, we can calculate the light dependent temperature increase of the thermo‐sensitive hydrogel. Afterwards, the hydrogel's swelling is modeled by using the thermal expansion analogy. This detailed description of the stimulus behavior allows to study a hydrogel composite without having specific experimental data for this certain combination, but for all the involved components. Furthermore, the time‐dependent stimulus behavior of the considered sample is shown. Based on this approach, the effect of light power variation, particle volume fraction variation and different ambient temperature is studied.

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Programming shape-shifting of flat bilayers composed of tough hydrogels under transient swelling

2022

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A model for inhomogeneous large deformation of photo-thermal sensitive hydrogels

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Modeling of photo-thermo-sensitive hydrogels by applying the temperature expansion analogy

Modeling of photo-thermo-sensitive hydrogels by applying the temperature expansion analogy

Extension of the stimulus expansion model for photo‐thermo‐sensitive hydrogels

Programming shape-shifting of flat bilayers composed of tough hydrogels under transient swelling

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