A model for fuel-coolant interactions

Buchanan, D. J.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/7/10/318

Cited by 71 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this state hot liquids and water have the quality to interact intensively. This phenonemon is commonly named fuel-coolant interaction (e.g., Buchanan 1974). If the hot liquid is a molten or partially molten material, the specification molten-fuel-coolant interaction (MFCI) has been introduced by Theofanous (1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premixing of magma and water in MFCI experiments

Zimanowski

Büttner

Lorenz

1997

Bulletin of Volcanology

105

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Experimental studies have been performed to evaluate pre-explosive water-melt mixes with respect to explosive volcanic molten-fuel-coolant interaction (MFCI), i.e., phreatomagmatic explosion. Remolten ultrabasic volcanic rock was used as a magma simulant. Measurement of the explosion intensity was used to determine optimal premixing conditions. A well-defined optimal range was found for the hydrodynamic mixing energy (differential flow speed of 4.2 m/ s), as well as for the water/melt mass ratio (0.03 to 0.04) under experimental conditions. The mass flux of water had a minor influence on the explosion intensity. Additionally, transparent mixing experiments with silicon oil and inked water were carried out. They indicate a direct dependence of the pre-explosive water-melt interface area on the explosion intensity. The experimental results show that the contact conditions of water and melt required for explosive MFCI may easily be established in natural volcanic systems. Thus, explosive MFCI is a probable mechanism of explosive volcanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premixing of magma and water in MFCI experiments

Zimanowski

Büttner

Lorenz

1997

Bulletin of Volcanology

105

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“…Apparently, however, the melt needs to be at least 250 _+ 20 ~ to initiate an explosion no matter the temperature of the water (e.g. Dullforce e~ al., 1976;Buchanan, 1974). There appear to be four mechanisms involved in fragmentation which would ostensibly yield necessary heat transfer rates to initiate vapor explosion: (1) Entrapment -water is trapped between melt and container walls and vaporizes.…”

Section: Implication Of Quench Supersaturation As the Cause Of The Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buchanan (1974) has analyzed the problem in the following fashion. As soon as a molten globule enters the coolant, it is surrounded by film boiling which serves to insulate the melt from the coolant.…”

Section: Implication Of Quench Supersaturation As the Cause Of The Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism of the Mt. St. Helens eruption and speculations regarding Soret effects in planetary dynamics

Rice

1985

Geophysical Surveys

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Abstract. Steady heat flux through a double diffusive layered convecting system demands each layer have the same Rayleigh number. If double diffusive convective layering occurs in a gaseous rotating proto-solar system nebula of uniform composition, this Rayleigh number criterion sets the distances from the centre of the nebula to each boundary layer of the convecting layers and these distances are given by the Titius-Bode law. In a layer of nebula convection, outgoing plumes will he retrograde, ingoing plumes prograde, such that where these plumes impinge on a boundary layer, vortices can be set up in the boundary layer with rotation along the same axis as the total cloud. Soret convection may serve to segregate the cloud isotopically, elementally and chemically.With regard to the failure of the north slope on Mt. St. Helens, 18th May, 1980, civil engineering criteria rule out gravitational failure and leave ambiguous the possibility the slide was seismically induced. P arrival and S wave magnitudes from the 18th May eruption along with characteristics of blasting excavation indicates the north slope failure to have been induced by explosion at depth. A review of industrial experience with steam explosions indicates it unlikely the Mt. St. Helens blast was the result of loss of overburden and vapor flashing. Quench cooling, however, may yield vapor super-saturations to 104 atmospheres. Once exsolution was initiated, vapor mass transport would be massive and strip the melt dry of other volatiles, this based on explosive exsolution experience in steel making industries.Further appeal to industrial solidifying melt literature indicates marginal border groups and cryptic variation to be analogs of microsegregation (solute banding) and macrosegregation. Fractional crystallization in the sense of micro and macrosegregation sets up the zonation in a mafic magma chamber necessary to establish double diffusive convective layering and attendent Soret segregation of minerals. Theoretically, rollover, i.e. homogenization of stratified or zoned chambers can occur in marie or andesitic environments. In the andesitic environment, zonation of the chamber from silicic to marie melt with depth indicates that the mafic portions could be explosively supercharged with vapor during the quench attending rollover, i.e., it would 'pop' like popcorn but on a more impressive scale.KNO 3 and NaNO 3 aqueous solutions have negative Soret coefficients which explain peculiar density build-ups in the bottom of experimental tanks. These experiments were designed to model magma chambers but they do not replicate solidifying melts because they lack dynamic similitude: pertinent dimensionless parameters differ by up to 7 orders of magnitude. Scaling crystal size in these experiments indicates that crystals a kilometer across should be found in magma chambers. These experiments also advance a mechanism for picritic intrusions in oceanic crust for which horizontal layering is required. However, ophiolites show essentially arcuate banding and picrites ...

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“…Literature reveals the experimental works include various scales ranging from the larger melt mass (Yamano et al, 1995;Huhtiniemi et al, 1999;Huhtiniemi and Magallon, 2001;Song et al, 2003) to single droplet study (Patel and Theofanous, 1981;Ciccarelli and Frost, 1994;Hansson et al, 2009a,b). Many fuel-coolant-interaction models were developed to improve the understanding of steam explosion and predict the results of experiments (Buchanan, 1974;Fletcher and Thyagaraja, 1989;Inoue et al, 1992). The fragmentation of the melt plays a crucial role in the process of steam explosion which determines the surface area of melt exposed and hence governs the heat transfer rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D simulations of the hydrodynamic deformation of melt droplets in a water pool

Thakre

2015

Annals of Nuclear Energy

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A model for fuel-coolant interactions

Cited by 71 publications

References 18 publications

Premixing of magma and water in MFCI experiments

Premixing of magma and water in MFCI experiments

The mechanism of the Mt. St. Helens eruption and speculations regarding Soret effects in planetary dynamics

3D simulations of the hydrodynamic deformation of melt droplets in a water pool

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