A model for estimating the carbon footprint of maritime transportation of Liquefied Natural Gas under uncertainty

Aseel, Saleh; Al-Yafei, Hussein; Küçükvar, Murat; Onat, Nuri Cihat; Türkay, Metin; Kazançoğlu, Yiğit; Al-Sulaiti, Ahmed; Al-Hajri, Abdulla

doi:10.1016/j.spc.2021.04.002

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This information is primarily the impacts on the environment, which are viewed as the center of human health effects as well as the consumed electricity. Thirdly, the LNG air emissions information related to maritime transport is approximated by utilizing the model formulated by Aseel et al [37] for computing the human health effect and air emissions under uncertainty. The Fourth point is the process-based LCA model incorporated with LNG maritime transport criteria and a high-resolution MRIO chart to create a hybrid LCA model for air pollutants and human health impact.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LNG product transport is a significant stage for the LNG trading supply chain and contributes to the LNG industry's overall life cycle. The LNG maritime transport emission quantification tool has been developed by Aseel et al [37]. The tool included the data collection process, assumptions, tools to estimate the energy used, and emissions calculations as midpoint impact.…”

Section: Lng Maritime Transport Emission Quantification Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain

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Global interest in LNG products and supply chains is growing, and demand continues to rise. As a clean energy source, LNG can nevertheless emit air pollutants, albeit at a lower level than transitional energy sources. An LNG plant capable of producing up to 126 MMTA was successfully developed and simulated in this study. A hybrid life cycle assessment model was developed to examine the social and human health impacts of the LNG supply chain’s environmental air emission formation. The Multiregional Input–Output (MRIO) database, the Aspen HYSYS model, and the LNG Maritime Transportation Emission Quantification Tool are the key sources of information for this extensive novel study. We began our research by grouping environmental emissions sources according to the participation of each stage in the supply chain. The MDEA Sweetening plant, LNG loading (export terminal), and LNG transportation stages were discovered to have the maximum air emissions. The midpoint air emissions data estimated each stage’s CO2-eq, NOx-eq, and PM2.5-eq emissions per unit LNG generated. According to the midpoint analysis results, the LNG loading terminal has the most considerable normalized CO2-eq and NOx-eq emission contribution across all LNG supply chain stages. Furthermore, the most incredible intensity value for normalized PM2.5-eq was recorded in the SRU and TGTU units. Following the midpoint results, the social human health impact findings were calculated using ReCiPe 2016 characterization factors to quantify the daily loss of life associated with the LNG process chain. SRU and TGTU units have the most significant social human health impact, followed by LNG loading (export terminal) with about 7409.0 and 1203.9 (DALY/million Ton LNG produced annually), respectively. Natural gas extraction and NGL recovery and fractionation units are the lowest for social human health consequences.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lng Maritime Transport Emission Quantification Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain

et al. 2021

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“…This section focuses on the research structure. It starts with data obtained from public domains and earlier research by Aseel et al [40]. Then, total fuel consumption from the exporting terminal to the receiving terminals and the return trips were calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors are named as characterization factors and defined in Table 3. The calculation is done based on the annual cumulative emissions estimated following the Aseel et al [40] approach while accounting for the yearly demand and delivery by LNG fleets, distance, type of vessel, vessel engine design and performance, and finally on the fuel type. From the above table, it is clear that the Hierarchic CF for the PM 2.5 -eq is more than the rest by a factor of 1000 difference which indicates a more serious impact when particulate matter exists in the atmosphere and can cause much more serious human health problems.…”

Section: Mid-point To End-pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Air Emissions and Social Human Health Impact Assessment of Liquified Natural Gas Maritime Transport

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Air pollution, which causes over seven million deaths per year, is the most significant and specifically related to health impacts. Nearly 90% of the urban population worldwide is exposed to pollution not meeting the World Health Organization guidelines for air quality. Many atmospheric carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emitting sources, such as inefficient energy and polluting transportation, directly impact health. Natural gas maritime transport from various parts of the world (carbon supplied to consuming areas) has become more critical. Natural gas liquefaction offers a cleaner and more efficient transportation option and also increases its storage capacity. It is expected that natural gas will reduce the human health impact compared with other traditional fuels consumed. This research establishes a life cycle assessment model of air emission and social human health impact related to LNG maritime transport to investigate the impact of each type of fuel used for the numerous maritime carriers. In order to build a model for air emissions and social human health impact assessments based on hypotheses on various unknown criteria, a calculation model is used. The results revealed Conventional-2 fuel type has the lowest human health impact for annual mode calculations, followed by Conventional-1, Q-Max, and finally Q-Flex. The analysis method for the per year demonstrated discrepancies in the relative human health impact due to the variation of the annual LNG demand by each destination and not only per the trip needs. The results show the importance of using a relatively cleaner fuel type such as Conventional-2 in reducing the health impact of LNG maritime transportation. Moreover, it shows differences in the air emissions as well as the human health impact based on the destination’s location and annual LNG demand.

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“…As well as cutting down carbon emissions, EV adoption could also lead to a possible reduction in impacts on human health, resource depletion, and ecological system damage across the life cycle, thus helping harmonize EV adoption with the sustainable development agenda 2030 [7]. The critical factors that have a significant effect on the climate, according to studies conducted by Sen et al [8], Aseel et al [9], Kucukvar et al [10], Onat et al [11], and Elhamoud et al [12], are energy use and the global warming potential (GWP).…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Qatar Can Contribute to Net Carbon Emission Reduction but Requires Strong Government Incentives

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Electric mobility is at the forefront of innovation. Cutting down greenhouse gases when low-carbon electricity sources are maintained has answered the concerns of skeptics when switching to electric mobility. This paper presents a life-cycle-based comparative study between the electric and conventional gasoline vehicles with respect to their environmental performance, taking the case of Qatar. A well-to-wheel life cycle assessment is used to understand the carbon footprint associated with the use of alternative mobility when powered by non-renewable energy sources such as natural gas for electricity production. A survey was also conducted to evaluate the economic and practical feasibility of the use of electric vehicles in Qatar. The analysis showed that electric vehicles (EVs) have passed conventional gasoline vehicles with a minimum difference between them of 12,000 gCO2eq/100 km traveled. This difference can roughly accommodate two additional subcompact electric vehicles on the roads of Qatar. Even though Qatar is producing all of its electricity from natural gas, EVs are still producing much less carbon footprint into the atmosphere with the results showing that almost identical alternatives produce triple the amount of GHG emissions. The results of the survey showed that, despite promising results shown in switching to carbon-neutral mobility solutions, a lack of willingness prevails within the State of Qatar to incline towards electric mobility among users. This implies that Qatar has to spend a lot of time and resources to achieve its ambitious goal to decarbonize mobility on roads with 10% electric vehicles by 2030. This research highlights the need for more practical incentives and generous subsidies by the government of Qatar on e-mobility solutions to switch the transportation system into an eco-friendly one.

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A model for estimating the carbon footprint of maritime transportation of Liquefied Natural Gas under uncertainty

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain

A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain

Life Cycle Air Emissions and Social Human Health Impact Assessment of Liquified Natural Gas Maritime Transport

The Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Qatar Can Contribute to Net Carbon Emission Reduction but Requires Strong Government Incentives

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