A model for disorder in fluorine-intercalated graphite

Vittorio, S.L. di; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Dresselhaus, G.

doi:10.1557/jmr.1993.1578

Cited by 33 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…This result confirms that uncatalyzed fluorination of graphite does not occur under these conditions. We attribute neither of the defects to molecular fluorine, because it is generally assumed that fluorine adsorbs only to the graphite surface in an atomic state (28). These results seem to confirm our assignment of the scattered states to the different bonding configurations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Nanoscale imaging of chemical interactions: Fluorine on graphite

Kelly

Mickelson²,

Hauge³

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Using C60-functionalized scanning tunneling microscope tips, we have investigated the adsorption of fluorine on graphite. Based on characteristics of the accompanying electron standing waves, we are able to distinguish the fluorine adatoms that have bonded ionically to the graphite surface from those that have formed covalent bonds with the surface. This result permits determination of the ratio of ionic to covalent C-F bonds on graphite obtained by gas phase fluorination, which seems to be temperatureindependent between 200 and 300°C under the reaction conditions used.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This result is very unexpected, considering previous studies on fluorinated graphite. Although this represents a very dilute coverage of fluorine on the graphite, it has been suggested previously that the transformation to a covalent solid does depend on the presence of large amounts of fluorine (28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Nanoscale imaging of chemical interactions: Fluorine on graphite

Kelly

Mickelson²,

Hauge³

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…6 The crystal structure of CFx compound with x > 0.5 was investigated by several groups. [11][12][13][14] As x approaches 1, C-F bonding is covalent and the material becomes totally insulating. 9 In the CF1, fluorine atoms are intercalated between every carbon layers to generate a CFCF stacking sequence, while in the CF0.5, fluorine atoms are intercalated in every other layer of carbon atoms to yield a CCFCCF stacking sequence.…”

Section: Development Of Li/cfx Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress towards high-power Li/CF_xbatteries: electrode architectures using carbon nanotubes with CF_x

Zhang

Takeuchi

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Carbon monofluoride (CFx) has a high energy density, exceeding 2000 W h kg(-1), yet its application in primary lithium batteries is limited by its power capability. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are appealing additives for high-power batteries, due to their outstanding electronic transport properties, high aspect ratio necessitating low volume fraction for percolation, and high tensile strength. This perspective describes the current state of the art in lithium-carbon monofluoride (Li/CFx) batteries and highlights the opportunities for the development of high-power Li/CFx batteries via utilization of carbon nanotubes. In this report, we generated several electrode architectures using CFx/CNT combinations, and demonstrated the effectiveness of CNTs in enhancing the rate capability and energy density of Li/CFx batteries. First, we investigated the resistivity of CFx combined with CNTs and compared the CFx/CNT composites with conventional carbon additives. Second, we built CFx-CNT electrodes without metallic current collectors using CNTs as substrates, and compared their electrochemical performance with conventional CFx electrodes using aluminum foil as a current collector. Furthermore, we fabricated multi-layered CNT-CFx-CNT composite electrodes (sandwich electrodes) and studied the impact of the structure on the performance of the electrode. Our work demonstrates some of the opportunities for utilization of CNTs in CFx electrodes and the resultant implementation of CFx as a battery cathode in next-generation high-power batteries.

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“…An ionic C-F bond appears on a carbon atom of sp 2 hybridization from graphitic structure, whereas a semi-ionic C-F bond is an intermediate state between covalent and ionic bond. 10,11 In general, semiionic bonds have higher polarities than covalent C-F bonds, which result in higher positive charge on carbon atoms. 12 Therefore, the uorine-doped carbon with semi-ionic C-F bonds should have a greater activity for OER than that with the covalent C-F bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%