A model for cost- and greenhouse gas optimal material and energy allocation of biomass and hydrogen

Millinger, Markus; Tafarte, Philip; Jordan, Matthias; Musonda, Frazer; Chan, Katrina; Meisel, Kathleen; Aliabadi, Danial Esmaeili

doi:10.1016/j.softx.2022.101264

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The data that support the findings of this study are available in the supporting information of this paper and at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2022.101264 (Millinger, Tafarte, et al., 2022).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Modelling assessment of resource competition for renewable basic chemicals and the effect of recycling

Musonda,

Millinger,

Thrän

2024

GCB Bioenergy

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This work assesses pathways towards a net‐zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions chemical industry sector in Germany until 2050, focusing on the ammonia, methanol, ethylene and adipic acid subsectors and the effect of the recycling of C embedded in chemical end products on the GHG abatement cost and primary resource demand. This was done using a bottom‐up mathematical optimization model, including the energy sectors and the chemicals sector, with electricity and biobased options considered. Results show that net‐zero GHG emissions for the considered chemicals in 2050 are attainable at a marginal cost of 640–900 €/tCO2‐eq, even with 26%–36% of demand being satisfied by fossil production routes. This is possible because renewable organic chemicals can act as carbon sinks if, at their end of life, C is permanently stored via landfilling or passed on to the next value chain via recycling. Nonetheless, considering the cost implications, the practical deployment of renewable chemicals is a challenge. The considered renewable chemicals cost 1.3–8 times more than their fossil counterparts, resulting in a marginal CO2 price of 480 €/tCO2‐eq when all primary resources (energy crops, forest residues and renewable electricity) are considered, or 810 €/tCO2‐eq when the availability of arable land is restricted. In the transition to net‐zero emissions for the chemicals under study, a circular economy is important not only for reducing demand for primary resources as is typically the case but also reduces GHG abatement costs by 13%–24% through carbon capture and utilization effects.

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Section: Data Availability Statementsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…We base our methodology on scenario/sensitivity analysis on the BioENergy OPTmization model (BENOPT) (Millinger, Tafarte, et al., 2022). In this work, the chemicals sector is added to the power, heat and transport sectors which are originally in the model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling assessment of resource competition for renewable basic chemicals and the effect of recycling

Musonda,

Millinger,

Thrän

2024

GCB Bioenergy

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“…the future energy demand developments in each sub-sector, infrastructure developments or the future expansion of wind and photovoltaic [1,25]. Details on the design of the model are described in various former studies [9,10,[26][27][28].…”

Section: The Benopt Model and The Implementation Of Current Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do current energy policies in Germany promote the use of biomass in areas where it is particularly beneficial to the system? Analysing short-and long-term energy scenarios.

Jordan,

Meisel,

Dotzauer

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Policymakers need to drive the rapid expansion of renewable energy technologies, and additionally channel the limited national potential of biomass into areas where it can provide the greatest benefit to the energy system. But do current policy instruments promote the use of biomass in these areas? In this study, shortterm energy scenarios are generated using the BenOpt model while considering both current and alternative policy instruments. The results are compared with long-term, cost-optimal energy scenarios in regard to the use of biomass. The analysis reveals that e.g. the GHG-quota instrument does not promote the use of biofuels in the hard-to-electrify areas of the transport sector, where they should be cost-optimally allocated according to long-term energy scenarios. This might lead to counterproductive developments in the passenger road sector, but at the same time helps to ramp up biofuel capacities required in shipping and aviation in the long term. In contrast, alternative policy scenarios show that the sole instrument of a high CO2-price is more conducive to direct electrification and at the same time displaces more fossil fuels until 2030 than the GHG-quota alone. This instrument also promotes the optimal use of biogas plants in the power sector according to long-term cost-optimal developments. However, a high CO2- price alone is not sufficient in the heat sector, w here additional instruments are required to scale up renewable technologies and use biomass efficiently instead ofsimply covering the base load demand.

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“…Meisel et al [ 13 ] provide supplementary material in the form of an MS Excel workbook in a study on the transport sector with a selection of biofuels process chains. The first worksheet of the MS Excel file documents the input data for the Bioenergy Optimisation Model (BENOPT) of Millinger et al [ [14] , [15] ] used. The header of the data table consists of two rows for the main feedstock and the technology acronyms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced SQL-Database for bioenergy technologies - A catalogue for bio-resources, conversion technologies, energy carriers, and supply applications

Dotzauer,

Radtke,

Jordan

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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A model for cost- and greenhouse gas optimal material and energy allocation of biomass and hydrogen

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Modelling assessment of resource competition for renewable basic chemicals and the effect of recycling

Modelling assessment of resource competition for renewable basic chemicals and the effect of recycling

Do current energy policies in Germany promote the use of biomass in areas where it is particularly beneficial to the system? Analysing short-and long-term energy scenarios.

Advanced SQL-Database for bioenergy technologies - A catalogue for bio-resources, conversion technologies, energy carriers, and supply applications

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