“…In previous research on changeable and reconfigurable manufacturing, various challenging aspects in relation to its development have been emphasized. In particular, previous research covers topics such as design of reconfigurable machines, equipment, and tooling (Bi, Lang, Verner and Orban, 2008; Katz, 2007; Koren, 2010), optimal configuration selection and planning (Youssef and ElMaraghy, 2008), co-development of products and production (AlGeddawy and ElMaraghy, 2011; Bruch and Bellgran, 2014), investment feasibility and justification evaluation (Kuzgunkaya and ElMaraghy, 2007; Singh et al , 2007), and system design methodologies (Andersen, Brunoe, Nielsen and Rösiö, 2017; Azab et al , 2013; Rösiö, 2012b). However, numerous barriers related to the design, development, and implementation of changeability are still encountered, e.g.…”