A Model for Cell Production by the Cambium of Conifers

Wilson, Brayton F.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-2931-7.50007-0

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The ratio differs from about 10 : i for fast growing specimens to about i : i in slowly growing ones (cf. Wilson, 1964). Furthermore, the uniform increment of the phloem during the seasonal growth, combined with great variability in the xylem production in the stems of the pear tree, brought Evert (i960) to the conclusion that, at least in this species, phloem development appears to have priority over xylem development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, there is the question of the relative amount of xylem and phloem cell-layers produced by the cambium. Data giving ratios of xylem-phloem produced by the cambium during the growth season in various trees exhibiting winter dormancy can be found in the literature (Bannan, 1955(Bannan, , 1962Evert, i960;Wilson, 1964;Wareing et al, 1964). According to Wilson (1963Wilson ( , 1964, most of the cambial derivatives in conifers are produced inwards and differentiate into xylem elements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of the investigations deal with the production of xylem only. The seasonal production of the phloem has been only little investigated (Bannan, 1955;Esau, 1948;Evert, i960;Wilson, 1964), while information on the relative production of the phloem and the xylem is extremely scanty. The lack of a convenient method has apparently restricted the determination of the seasonal production of both the phloem and the xylem to certain species only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CAMBIAL ACTIVITY IN EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS DEHN.

Waisel¹,

Fahn²

1966

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe production of xylem and phloem elements by the cambium of Eucalyptus camaldidensis was investigated. Plants grown under various climatic treatments were exposed to '"""CO, for short periods. This treatment left a marker in the xylem and in the phloem cells derived from the cambium during the exposure. Thus, the newly formed cell layers could be counted. Results reveal that the ratio of the number of xylem layers produced to the number of phloem layers produced (4 : i) is practically independent of many environmental factors. The ratio was also found to he independent of the rate of cell production as well as of the width of the undifFerentiated cambial zone.Changes in the ratio of xylem to phloem were not found in plants treated with naphthalene acetic acid, kinetin or triiodobenzoic acid, nor in plants which were defoliated or disbudded. However, a higher ratio was found for plants treated with gibberellic acid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CAMBIAL ACTIVITY IN EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS DEHN.

Waisel¹,

Fahn²

1966

New Phytologist

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“…This makes the time of completing the phragmoplast movement ca. 20-40 h in this species (Wilson, 1964 ' T . / .…”

Section: The Meristematic Stage: the Cambiummentioning

confidence: 97%

Unravelling cell wall formation in the woody dicot stem

Baucher²,

et al. 2001

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Populus is presented as a model system for the study of wood formation (xylogenesis). The formation of wood (secondary xylem) is an ordered developmental process involving cell division, cell expansion, secondary wall deposition, lignification and programmed cell death. Because wood is formed in a variable environment and subject to developmental control, xylem cells are produced that differ in size, shape, cell wall structure, texture and composition. Hormones mediate some of the variability observed and control the process of xylogenesis. High-resolution analysis of auxin distribution across cambial region tissues, combined with the analysis of transgenic plants with modified auxin distribution, suggests that auxin provides positional information for the exit of cells from the meristem and probably also for the duration of cell expansion. Poplar sequencing projects have provided access to genes involved in cell wall formation. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate skeleton of the cell wall are briefly reviewed. Most progress has been made in characterizing pectin methyl esterases that modify pectins in the cambial region. Specific expression patterns have also been found for expansins, xyloglucan endotransglycosylases and cellulose synthases, pointing to their role in wood cell wall formation and modification. Finally, by studying transgenic plants modified in various steps of the monolignol biosynthetic pathway and by localizing the expression of various enzymes, new insight into the lignin biosynthesis in planta has been gained.

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“…In cross section, cambial initials constitute a onecell-width layer (Timell 1980;Tsoumis 1991). However, the initial cells are associated with undifferentiated derivatives, anatomically undistinguishable from the cambium (Wilson 1964;Kramer & Kozlowski 1979;Savidge 2000). For this reason, the term cambial zone is used for the entire layer constituted of initial cells and derivatives (Mahmood 1971).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cambial Activity and Xylogenesis by Microsampling Tree Species: An Example at the Alpine Timberline

Rossi¹,

Deslauriers²,

Anfodillo³

2006

IAWA J

217

212

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Mechanisms of cell production and maturation and dynamics of xylem formation have been widely studied in trees in order to better characterize stem radial growth. Histological analyses have been used in this study to describe cambial activity and xylem cell differentiation in Larix decidua, Pinus cembra and Picea abies at the Alpine timberline. Wood microcores were collected weekly from April to October 2003 and cross sections prepared to distinguish xylem cells of the growing tree ring and to determine the number of cells in the cambial zone, radial cell enlargement, secondary wall thickening and lignification and the number of mature tracheids. The anatomical changes characterizing the phases of xylem cell production and differentiation during the year are described and discussed. All species showed the same trend of xylem formation. Three delayed bell-shaped curves and an S-shaped curve were observed for cambium, enlarging and wall thickening cells and mature cells, respectively. Cells divided in the cambial zones from April-May to August, depending on the species. From 100 to 130 days were required to complete cell differentiation. Tree-ring formation ended during September. The average periods spent on radial enlargement, and secondary cell wall thickening and lignification were estimated at 7–10 and 20–25 days, respectively.

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A Model for Cell Production by the Cambium of Conifers

Cited by 46 publications

References 21 publications

CAMBIAL ACTIVITY IN EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS DEHN.

CAMBIAL ACTIVITY IN EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS DEHN.

Unravelling cell wall formation in the woody dicot stem

Assessment of Cambial Activity and Xylogenesis by Microsampling Tree Species: An Example at the Alpine Timberline

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