A model for azinphosmethyl attenuation and movement in a Michigan orchard ecosystem: I. Development and presentation of the experimental data base

Jenkins, Jeffrey J.; Zabik, Mary E.; Kon, R. T.; Goodman, Erik D.

doi:10.1007/bf01055008

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Rain washoff of pesticides from foliage and soil is increasingly cited as a significant factor both in the environmental fate of these materials and in their efficacy over time in their desired application (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Ebeling (12), in an early review of this area, noted that for toxaphene, EPN, parathion, and endrin, small rainfall losses were seen, whereas large losses were reported for heptachlor, aldrin, and DDT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar washoff of pesticides by rainfall

Cohen¹,

Steinmetz²

1986

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar washoff of pesticides by rainfall

Cohen¹,

Steinmetz²

1986

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…persistent or weakly adsorbed chemicals through the soil profile into groundwater (Close, 1993;Jenkins et al, 1983;Kotcon and Wimmer, 1993;Veneman et al, 1983;Weaver et al, 1990Weaver et al, a, 1990b. Water pollution prevention and abatement plans currently being developed in the Northeast and elsewhere will require the evaluation of different management practices to minimize off-site movement of agrichemicals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundcover Management Systems Influence Fungicide and Nitrate-N Concentrations in Leachate and Runoff from a New York Apple Orchard

Merwin¹,

Ray²,

Steenhuis³

et al. 1996

jashs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Commercial apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards in the northeastern United States receive heavy pesticide inputs and are often located on well-drained soils near surface and groundwater resources. Nonpoint-source water pollution by agrichemicals has been monitored in agronomic crop systems and simulated using computer models and laboratory soil columns, but inadequately studied at field scale in orchards. We monitored the concentrations of agrichemical tracers, nitrate-N, and benomyl fungicide in water samples from two apple orchards under mowed sodgrass (Mowed-Sod), shredded bark mulch (Bark-Mulch), preemergence residual herbicides (Resid-Herb), and postemergence herbicide (Post-Herb) groundcover management systems (GMSs). In one orchard, we evaluated subsurface spatial patterns and flow rates of a weakly adsorbed blue dye (pesticide analog) and potassium bromide (nitrate analog) under trees after six years of Post-Herb and Mowed-Sod treatments. Nitrate and pesticide tracers leached more rapidly and in higher concentrations under Post-Herb treatments, apparently via preferential macropore flowpaths such as root channels, soil cracks, and macrofauna burrows. At another orchard, we monitored subsurface leaching and surface runoff of benomyl and nitrate-N on a whole-field scale. Peak concentrations of benomyl (up to 29 mg·liter-1) and nitrates (up to 20 mg·liter-1) were observed in subsoil leachate under Resid-Herb plots during 1993. In 1994, nitrate concentrations were greater in leachate from all GMSs, with upper ranges from 48 to 66 mg·liter-1, while benomyl concentrations were lower in all GMSs compared with the previous summer. In surface water runoff during 1993, the highest benomyl concentrations (387 mg·liter-1) and most frequent outflows occurred in Resid-Herb plots. During 1994, benomyl runoff was more frequent in both herbicide GMSs, with concentrations up to 61 mg·liter-1 observed in the Post-Herb plots. Weather patterns, irrigation intensity, differing soil conditions under each GMS, and the turfgrass/clover drive lanes affected the relative frequency and concentrations of benomyl and nitrate leaching and runoff. Preferential bypass flow appeared to be a major subsurface leaching pathway, and erosion sediment an important factor in surface movement of these agrichemicals. Our studies suggest that nitrate-N and benomyl fungicide may be more prone to leaching or runoff from orchard soils under some herbicide GMSs in comparison with mowed sodgrass or biomass mulch systems.

show abstract

“…The techniques for inoculating plants produced via vegetative propagation requires further study (18). In the case of woody plants, ectomycorrhizae have been shown to stimulate rooting of cuttings without infecting the roots (8,9,16). Endomycorrhizae have been introduced successfully into woody ornamentals, mainly during transplanting of rooted cut-…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values were used to determine the percent of pesticide present. Azinphos-methyl was determined by the procedure of Jenkins et al (8). Formetanate was determined according to Lawrence et al (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Degradation of Pesticides in Aqueous Formulations Due to Addition of Calcium Chloride

Clark¹,

Brooks²,

Woods³

et al. 1987

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Addition of technical flake CaCl2 to spray mixtures resulted in substantial alkalinization of all solutions. The pH values of CaCl2 solutions returned to neutral levels over time (e.g., usually in 24 hr) or could be returned rapidly to neutrality by the addition of CO2. These data indicate that the causative agent for alkalinization is Ca(OH)2, a byproduct in the Solvay process used to produce technical flake CaCl2. Under the alkaline conditions produced by the addition of technical flake CaCl2, enhanced degradation of formetanate (Carzol SP), benomyl (Benlate-50WP) and methomyl/(Lannate) was observed to be related directly to CaCl2 concentration. Azinphos-methyl (Guthion- 50WP) was found to be the most persistent pesticide under these experimental conditions. Chemical names used: (0,0-dimethyl-S-[(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin- 3(4H)-yl)methyl]phosphorodithioate (azinphos-methyl); methyl[1-[(bu-tylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate (benomyl); N,N dimethyl-N’-[3-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy] phenyljmethanimidamide (formetanate); methyl N-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy] ethanimidothioate(methomyl).

show abstract

A model for azinphosmethyl attenuation and movement in a Michigan orchard ecosystem: I. Development and presentation of the experimental data base

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Foliar washoff of pesticides by rainfall

Foliar washoff of pesticides by rainfall

Groundcover Management Systems Influence Fungicide and Nitrate-N Concentrations in Leachate and Runoff from a New York Apple Orchard

Enhanced Degradation of Pesticides in Aqueous Formulations Due to Addition of Calcium Chloride

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About