A Model-Based DC Fault Location Scheme for Multi-Terminal MMC-HVDC Systems Using a Simplified Transmission Line Representation

Xu, Jianzhong; Liu, Yu; Zhao, Chengyong; Liang, Jun

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2019.2932989

Cited by 53 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The work presented is focused on evaluation of characteristics of current curve through fault location steep. Reference [55] proposes an effective fault location technique that is based on estimated RL representation of transmission line. With this method, the data for voltage and current at both ends for faulty line is gathered and an accurate fault location is estimated using proposed formulae.…”

Section: A Fault Detection and Location Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MMC Based MTDC Grids: A Detailed Review on Issues and Challenges for Operation, Control and Protection Schemes

2020

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For decades high voltage alternating current (HVAC) was considered as most economical solution to transmit and deliver electric power. With the recent developments in power electronic devices, high voltage direct current (HVDC) system becomes most prominent technology. Multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) based system as a promising technology for future power system is the major focus area for researchers and industries these days. A number of MTDC systems have been implemented physically. The major motivation to construct such MTDC systems is the integration of large-scale offshore power sources such as wind turbines and solar systems. This paper discusses the most critical challenges and issues related to operation, control and protection schemes for integration of modular multi-level converter (MMC) based MTDC systems. At first detailed literature survey has been presented to show the challenges for MMC based MTDC systems, then an analysis related to those challenges for operation, control and protection schemes for existing MMC based MTDC systems has been provided. Finally, a road map to tackle such challenges has been suggested.

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Section: A Fault Detection and Location Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MMC Based MTDC Grids: A Detailed Review on Issues and Challenges for Operation, Control and Protection Schemes

2020

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“…Impedance‐calculation‐based method: The fault distance can be estimated by calculating the line impedance of post‐fault equivalent circuit [33]. R‐L representation of transmission line is often used.…”

Section: Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stacked denoising autoencoder based fault location in voltage source converters‐high voltage direct current

Luo

Cheng

Hei

et al. 2021

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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High voltage direct current has been more and more popular in modern transmission systems. Accurate fault location could help fault clearance and fast recovery of the faulted system. A stacked denoising autoencoder based fault location method for high voltage direct current transmission systems is proposed. The local measurements are analysed, and an end-to-end stacked denoising autoencoder-based fault location is realised. Representative features are extracted with unsupervised learning and labelled as the input of the regression network for fine-tuning in a supervised manner. The trained network can precisely map the local measurements and their corresponding fault distance. The performance of the proposed method is tested on a point-to-point high voltage direct current transmission system, which is modelled on the platform of PSCAD/EMTDC. The faults on both overhead lines and cables are considered, and the location performance in different scenarios are discussed. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in pinpointing faults location in various cases.

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“…Consequently, the fault currents evolve into three different routes as shown in Fig. 3 Compared to the inductance value, the DC line resistance is very small and thereby, neglected [20]. Hence, the fault current contribution can be described as follows: Moreover, the fault current I B is determined as follows:…”

Section: B Rvg For Internal Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Fault Identification in Multiterminal HVDC Systems Based on Reactor Voltage Gradient

2021

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With the increasing number of renewable generations, the prospects of long-distance bulk power transmission impels the expansion of point-to-point High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grid to an emerging Multi-terminal high-voltage Direct Current (MTDC) grid. The DC grid protection with faster selectivity enhances the operational continuity of the MTDC grid. Based on the reactor voltage gradient (RVG), this paper proposes a fast and reliable fault identification technique with precise discrimination of internal and external DC faults. Considering the voltage developed across the modular multilevel converter (MMC) reactor and DC terminal reactor, the RVG is formulated to characterise an internal and external DC fault. With a window of four RVG samples, the fault is detected and discriminated by the proposed main protection scheme amidst a period of five sampling intervals. Depending on the reactor current increment, a backup protection scheme is also proposed to enhance the protection reliability. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated in a four-terminal MTDC grid. The results under meaningful fault events show that the proposed scheme is capable to identify the DC fault within millisecond. Moreover, the evaluation of the protection sensitivity and robustness reveals that the proposed scheme is highly selective for a wide range of fault resistances and locations, higher sampling frequencies, and irrelevant transient events. Furthermore, the comparison results exhibit that the proposed RVG method improves the discrimination performance of the protection scheme and thereby, proves to be a better choice for future DC fault identification.

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A Model-Based DC Fault Location Scheme for Multi-Terminal MMC-HVDC Systems Using a Simplified Transmission Line Representation

Cited by 53 publications

References 27 publications

MMC Based MTDC Grids: A Detailed Review on Issues and Challenges for Operation, Control and Protection Schemes

MMC Based MTDC Grids: A Detailed Review on Issues and Challenges for Operation, Control and Protection Schemes

Stacked denoising autoencoder based fault location in voltage source converters‐high voltage direct current

DC Fault Identification in Multiterminal HVDC Systems Based on Reactor Voltage Gradient

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