A Model-Aware Comprehensive Tool for Battery Energy Storage System Sizing

Abstract

This paper presents a parametric procedure to size a hybrid system consisting of renewable generation (wind turbines and photovoltaic panels) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). To cope with the increasing installation of grid-scale BESS, an innovative, fast and flexible procedure for evaluating an efficient size for this asset has been developed. The tool exploits a high-fidelity empirical model to assess stand-alone BESS or hybrid power plants under different service stacking configurations. The economic performance has been evaluated considering the revenue stacking that occurs when participating in up to four distinct energy markets and the degradation of the BESS performances due to both cycle- and calendar-aging. The parametric nature of the tool enables the investigation of a wide range of system parameters, including novel BESS control logic, market prices, and energy production. The presented outcomes detail the techno-economic performances of a hybrid system over a 20-year scenario, proposing a sensitivity analysis of both technical and economic parameters. The case study results highlight the necessity of steering BESS investment towards the coupling of RES and accurate planning of the service stacking. Indeed, the implementation of a storage system in an energy district improves the internal rate of return of the project by up to 10% in the best-case scenario. Moreover, accurate service stacking has shown a boost in revenues by up to 44% with the same degradation.

Thermal Performance Enhancement of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Phase Change Material and Fin Geometry Modification

“…In comparison to other popular rechargeable batteries, such as nickel-cadmium, ni-metal hydride, and lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries have high energy and power densities and long service lives and they are environmentally friendly. Thus, they have been widely used in consumer electronics [2]. Because of their durability, extended cycle lives [3], low self-discharge rates, and large capacities [4], lithium-ion batteries are primarily used as power sources for electric vehicles.…”

Battery Energy Storage System Performance in Providing Various Electricity Market Services

“…Spiller et al developed, in [47], a procedure to size a hybrid system of BESSs and RES while evaluating the economic performance of the provision of multiple services. The different services evaluated were energy arbitrage, capacity market, mFRR, and FFR.…”