A Mobile Wetness Detection System Enabling Teachers to Toilet Train Children with Intellectual Disabilities in a Public School Setting

Clean and Healthy Lifestyle Behavior (PHBS Program) for Children with Intellectual Disability

“…Unfortunately, children with intellectual disabilities are often late in getting toilet trained (Levato et al, 2016). Obtaining toilet-trained skills for children with developmental disabilities is a very important competency (Chang et al, 2011). Toilet-trained training is the goal of Clean and Healthy Life Education, and behavior strategies must be adapted to the characteristics of children.…”

Toileting Problems in Children and Adolescents with Parent-Reported Diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…Furthermore, Henriksen and Peterson noted that the response effort and intrusiveness for the family involved in their study was relatively low, compared to more complex training programs which involve many behavioral components. New technology has created a mobile wireless alert systems for toilet training, where teachers in schools are sent a message to their phone (Chang et al, 2011) when their students undergarments are wet. The idea here is to alert caregivers immediately when a diaper or pad is wet and help the child become more aware of urination.…”

“…This wireless technology means that the urine alarm can be successfully utilised to treat diurnal enuresis in addition to nocturnal enuresis, and can be employed across a variety of settings. Both Chang et al (2011) and Henriksen and Peterson (2013) note the usefulness of feedback to the user for example vibrations or acoustics when the moisture sensor becomes wet.…”

“…Therefore, there are two fundamental goals in toilet training; to recognise the need to go to the toilet and the ability to independently complete the sequence of behaviors necessary for successful healthy toileting (Lott & Kroeger, 2004). In the typically developing population, these skills are usually acquired by the age of four (Schum et al, 2002;Chang, Lee, Chou, Chen, & Chen, 2011). However, individuals with developmental disabilities such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are more likely to experience toileting problems such as enuresis, encopresis, soiling and other toileting problems moreso than the general population (Matson & Lovullo, 2009).…”

A Novel Enuresis Alarm for Toilet Training Students With Intellectual Disability

“…The equipment is essentially the same as it was in the first studies of daytime toilet training in the early 1970s (Levato et al, 2016). Although a wireless alarm has been developed (Chang, Lee, Chou, Chen, & Chen, 2011), it requires a computer with specialized software to detect when a student has voided and a cell telephone to alert caregivers. Like the other studies, the enuresis alarm was implemented as part of a treatment package that included immediate trips to the toilet at the onset of the alarm and reinforcement of urination into the toilet.…”