A mobile high-precision absolute gravimeter based on atom interferometry

Schmidt, Martín; Senger, A.; Hauth, Matthias; Freier, Christian; Schkolnik, Vladimir; Peters, A.

doi:10.1134/s2075108711030102

Cited by 76 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A 5 × 10 6 atom F=1 spinor condensate of 87 Rb is released into free fall for up to 750 ms and probed with a T = 130 ms Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer based on Bragg transitions. The Bragg interferometer simultaneously addresses the three magnetic states, |m f = 1, 0, −1 , facilitating a simultaneous measurement of the acceleration due to gravity with a 1000 run precision of ∆g/g= 1.45 × 10 −9 and the magnetic field gradient to a precision 120 pT/m.Acquiring accurate and precise data on magnetic and gravity fields is critical to progress in mineral discovery [1,2] Like their classical counterparts, sensors based on cold atoms measure the trajectory of the test particles [19]. Unlike classical particles, atoms offer internal degrees of freedom, allowing for the possibility of additional simultaneous measurements including time, magnetic fields and magnetic field gradients.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Acquiring accurate and precise data on magnetic and gravity fields is critical to progress in mineral discovery [1,2] Like their classical counterparts, sensors based on cold atoms measure the trajectory of the test particles [19]. Unlike classical particles, atoms offer internal degrees of freedom, allowing for the possibility of additional simultaneous measurements including time, magnetic fields and magnetic field gradients.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Precision Gravimetry and Magnetic Gradiometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate: A High Precision, Quantum Sensor

et al. 2016

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A Bose-Einstein condensate is used as an atomic source for a high precision sensor. A 5 × 10 6 atom F=1 spinor condensate of 87 Rb is released into free fall for up to 750 ms and probed with a T = 130 ms Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer based on Bragg transitions. The Bragg interferometer simultaneously addresses the three magnetic states, |m f = 1, 0, −1 , facilitating a simultaneous measurement of the acceleration due to gravity with a 1000 run precision of ∆g/g= 1.45 × 10 −9 and the magnetic field gradient to a precision 120 pT/m.Acquiring accurate and precise data on magnetic and gravity fields is critical to progress in mineral discovery [1,2] Like their classical counterparts, sensors based on cold atoms measure the trajectory of the test particles [19]. Unlike classical particles, atoms offer internal degrees of freedom, allowing for the possibility of additional simultaneous measurements including time, magnetic fields and magnetic field gradients. Although these advantages are intrinsic to all atomic sources, ultra-cold BoseEinstein condensates (BEC) offer additional benefits over thermal atoms. An intrinsic feature of a BEC is a spatial coherence equivalent to the size of the cloud which is generally 100's of µm while thermal sources have spatial coherence length on the order of the de Broglie wavelength,mk B T (∼ 0.1µm). This spatial coherence has been shown to provide robustness to systematics which result in loss of fringe contrast such as cloud mismatch at the final beam splitter pulse [20]. The BEC then allows a sensor to be operated unshielded in varying environments where background field gradients and curvatures are non-negligible.This letter introduces a new type of sensor which simultaneously measures gravity and magnetic field gradients to high precision. In this lab based sensor, an optically trapped cloud of 87 Rb atoms is cooled to condensation and projected into an F = 1 spin superposition, then passed through a vertical light pulse Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on Bragg transitions [21,22]. The spin superposition in combination with the large spatial coherence of the BEC allows simultaneous precision measurement of gravity and absolute magnetic field gradient in an unsheilded device [23]. A 2 × 10 6 atom condensate is used in the interferometer [24] with no loss in contrast over all interferometer times.The experimental schematic is shown in Figure 1. A hot sample of 87 Rb atoms is created and precooled in a 2D magneto-optical trap (MOT). These precooled atoms are transferred to an aluminum ultra-high vacuum cell via a high impedance gas flow line and blue detuned push beam. In 6 s, 5 × 10 9 atoms are collected in a 3D MOT where a standard compression and polarization gradient cooling sequence is applied achieving a 20 µK temperature. The atoms are then loaded into a hybrid magnetic quadropole and crossed optical dipole trap. An initial stage of evaporation is completed using a microwave knife over 4.5 s leaving 4×10 7 atoms at 4 µK and a phase space density of 1 × 10 −4 . The magne...

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Simultaneous Precision Gravimetry and Magnetic Gradiometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate: A High Precision, Quantum Sensor

et al. 2016

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“…Since all forms of energy are sources for the gravitational field, stress energy can lead to changes in its direction and magnitude, and detection of such anomalies can provide a proxy detection method for associated occurrences of fluids confined in reservoirs. Various researchers have proposed the use of gravity tensor changes as potential geophysical methods (Bongs and Kruger 2012;Schmidt et al 2011;Jqi 2010;Liszicasz and Mustaqeem 2012;New Scientist 2017). These effects are not related to the density effects on the gravity tensors that FTG exploits, since in this case, quantum gravity tensor disturbances are being observed.…”

Section: New Geophysical Investigation Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oil and gas industry must break the paradigm of the current exploration model

Jones¹

2017

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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An analysis of the exploration model that the oil and gas industry currently follows suggests that it often restricts innovation and inhibits exploration efforts. Examples of large, underexplored areas with significant oil and gas potential demonstrate how the current exploration model fails to allow adequate exploration efforts to be conducted. A description of a possible new exploration model is presented, involving the use of exploration technologies already available, as a means of breaking the paradigm of the current exploration model. Results of recent applications of such a model suggest that it can be applied both onshore and offshore, and that it is effective in detecting anomalies associated with significant hydrocarbon accumulations. Employing the new exploration model proposed, it was possible to effectively identify 99% of known hydrocarbon accumulations, although it was most effective at detecting hydrocarbon accumulation anomalies with a linear extent of over 2 km, and it also allowed a valuable ranking of the identified leads. In conjunction with appropriate exploration tools, it reduced exploration risk by avoiding ''false alarms,'' since it can effectively indicate areas without hydrocarbon potential, even when other geophysical tools would suggest prospectivity. These results suggest that the proposed alternative exploration model can provide a more direct means of assessing the hydrocarbon potential of large exploratory areas, even before other geophysical investigations provide detailed information on possible targets. Breaking the paradigm of the current exploration model may thus be able to shorten the exploration cycle, reduce costs and allow resource development to proceed in frontier regions that would not otherwise be likely to attract exploratory efforts.

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“…1,2 Active vibration isolation in the vertical direction is widely used in both optical and atomic interferometry absolute gravimeters to improve sensitivity. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] For absolute gravity measurements, people mostly care about the vibration noise from the vertical direction. Thus, there are no feedback controls for the isolator in the horizontal direction inside those gravimeters.…”

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confidence: 99%

Note: A three-dimension active vibration isolator for precision atom gravimeters

Zhou

Xiong

Chen

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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An ultra-low frequency active vibration isolator, simultaneously suppressing three-dimensional vibration noise, is demonstrated experimentally. The equivalent natural period of the isolator is 100 s and 12 s for the vertical and horizontal direction, respectively. The vibration noise in the vertical direction is about 50 times reduced during 0.2 and 2 Hz, and 5 times reduced in the other two orthogonal directions in the same frequency range. This isolator is designed for atom gravimeters, especially suitable for the gravimeter whose sensitivity is limited by vibration couplings.

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A mobile high-precision absolute gravimeter based on atom interferometry

Cited by 76 publications

References 16 publications

Simultaneous Precision Gravimetry and Magnetic Gradiometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate: A High Precision, Quantum Sensor

Simultaneous Precision Gravimetry and Magnetic Gradiometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate: A High Precision, Quantum Sensor

The oil and gas industry must break the paradigm of the current exploration model

Note: A three-dimension active vibration isolator for precision atom gravimeters

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