A mobile CRISPRi collection enables genetic interaction studies for the essential genes ofEscherichia coli

Abstract

Ordered collections of precise gene deletions in E. coli and other model microbes have proven to be invaluable resources to study the dispensability of the non-essential genome in different environmental and genetic contexts. The dispensability of canonically essential genes, however, has been largely unstudied in such contexts. Advances in gene editing, in particular CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), have enabled depletion of essential cellular machinery to study the downstream effects on bacterial physiology. Here, we describe the construction of an ordered E. coli CRISPRi collection, designed to knock down the expression of 356 essential genes with the induction of a catalytically inactive Cas9, harbored on the conjugative plasmid pFD152, that also encodes for expression of specific guide RNA scaffolds. This mobile CRISPRi library can be conjugated into other ordered genetic libraries, to assess combined effects of essential gene knockdowns with non-essential gene deletions. As proof of concept, we probed cell envelope synthesis with two crosses. First, we crossed a deletion in the gene lpp with the entire CRISPRi library. Similarly, we crossed the CRISPRi knockdown of lolA with ~4,000 deletion strains of the Keio collection. These experiments revealed a number of notable genetic interactions for the essential phenotype probed and, in particular, showed supressing interactions for the loci in question.