Pragmatic gains in the study abroad context: Learners' experiences and recognition of pragmatic routines The present study investigates second language (L2) learners' pragmatic development during study abroad (SA) programs by focusing on the recognition of pragmatic routines, and how sociocultural adaptation and intensity of interaction influence pragmatic gains. It is a longitudinal investigation that employed a mixed-method approach. Thirty-one Brazilian students in their first semester of study in a US university completed a pretest and posttest version of a sociocultural adaptation questionnaire, a language contact survey, and a routine recognition test. Quantitative data were complemented with qualitative information from semi-structured interviews with 2 of the participants, who provided details about the nature of their adaptation experiences and the patterns of interaction they held during the sojourn. Findings revealed that the recognition of pragmatic routines significantly increased during a semester abroad, and that this development was influenced by both sociocultural adaptation and intensity of interaction, interaction being the main predictor of pragmatic gains. Results from this study emphasize the importance of SA programs for the acquisition of pragmatic routines, and suggest that learners' willingness to acculturate in the SA environment, and exposure to recurrent situations outside of the classroom are determinant aspects for routine recognition. Keywords: L2 pragmatic development; interlanguage pragmatics; pragmatic routines; sociocultural adaptation; intensity of interaction; pragmatic awareness 2. Theoretical background 2.1 Pragmatic development in the study abroad context In the recent years, the field of Interlanguage Pragmatics (ILP) has seen a proliferation of longitudinal studies addressing the development of pragmatic competence over a period of time studying abroad (see Xiao, 2015a, for a review of longitudinal ILP studies). As different scholars have argued (e.g. Taguchi, 2015), developmental studies are particularly necessary in the ILP field. Given the non-linear and variable nature of L2 pragmatic development, the analysis of the processes rather than the outcomes of SA provides a more comprehensive understanding of the SA experience. Nowadays, there is substantial evidence of the benefits of participation in SA programs for the development of L2 pragmatic ability (Barron, 2003;