“…Nucleic-acid amplification testing (NAAT) or whole genome sequencing (WGS) can be used to search for known but rare pathogens for the diagnosis of atypical infections [48] . Particularly, 16S rRNA PCR combined with culture can be useful for detecting rare pathogens [49 , 50] . Unlike WGS, which matches the sample to the whole genome of a given organism, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can detect both known and unexpected pathogens in a target-independent way [51 , 52] .…”