A Mixed Heterologous Radioimmunoassay for Human Prolactin1

Jacobs, Laurence S.; Mariz, Ida K.; Daughaday, William H.

doi:10.1210/jcem-34-3-484

Cited by 101 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Serum thyroxine (T4) was measured by the method of Cassidy, Benotti, and Pino (16), and free thyroxine was determined by a modification of the method of Sterling and Brenner (17). Prolactin determinations were kindly performed by Dr. Lawrence Jacobs, Washington University School of Medicine (18). The radioimmunoassay for prolactin does not cross-react with other pituitary peptides nor with placental lactogen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Studies in Anencephaly

Hayek¹,

Driscoll²,

Warshaw³

1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Endocrine function has been investigated in four anencephalic neonates to determine the influence of absence of cortical and hypothalamic tissue and of hypoplasia of the pituitary. Intravenous glucose administration resulted in higher peak values for blood sugar and more rapid glucose disposal rates than reported in normals. Intravenous insulin tolerance tests on two of the infants failed to evoke elevations in plasma growth hormone, and the infants showed a remarkable resistance to the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. Administration of lysine-vasopressin caused an active growth hormone release. Similarly, there was a large increase in serum thyrotropin after administration of synthetic thyrotropinreleasing hormone. Basal levels of both thyrotropin and growth hormone were low as compared with values reported for normal newborns. Prolactin values obtained on three of the infants were in the normal range. The results strongly suggest that anterior pituitary function mediated by the hypothalamus and its releasing factors is deficient in anencephaly. However, the anterior pituitary can release growth hormone and thyrotropin when stimulated directly and, in the case of thyrotropin release, may function autonomously. The normal prolactin values presumably reflect the absence of the hypothalamic prolactin inhibitory factor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Studies in Anencephaly

Hayek¹,

Driscoll²,

Warshaw³

1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Serum samples were collected at -20, 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min, and in most patients at 90 and 120 min. TSH, serum thyroxine, free thyroxine (T4) (16), and GH concentrations (17), and serum HPr concentrations (18,19) were measured as previously reported. No cross-reaction between TSH, HPr, or GH could be demonstrated in the assay systems.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human prolactin and thyrotropin concentrations in the serums of normal and hypopituitary children before and after the administration of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Foley¹,

Jacobs²,

Hoffman³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was administered to normal children and hypopituitary patients in a dose of 7 jg/kg i.v. over 30-60 sec. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (HPr) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay before and at 15-min intervals for 2 hr after TRH. In 20 normal children HPr rose from a mean baseline value of 7.0±1.2 (SEM) ng/ml to a mean peak value of 39.5±5 ng/ml.In 11 patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency without TSH deficiency, HPr values rose from a mean baseline of 3.6±0.8 ng/ml to a mean peak value of 13.9+-2.8, a significantly less peak response as compared with normal children (P < 0.005). The TSH responses to TRH, however, were statistically indistinguishable from those of normal children.In 10 patients with GH and TSH deficiency both the mean baseline HPr levels (25.0+5 ng/ml) and the mean peak HPr levels after TRH (68.5+10 ng/ml) were significantly higher (P < 0.005 and < 0.025) than those of normal children. Similar comparisons were also true for the peak TSH responses (P < 0.05). Two panhypopituitary patients released no TSH and only small amounts of HPr after TRH. After thyroid replacement therapy in eight of the patients with GH and TSH deficiency, the mean HPr baseline levels (7.6+1.0 ng/ml) and peak levels (23.3+4.6 ng/ml) after the same dose of TRH were significantly less than their pretreatment levels (P<0.001 and <0.01) and were within the range for normal children.Synthetic TRH stimulates the simultaneous release of TSH and HPr in normal children and most hypopituitary patients. When the concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are low, the levels of HPr before and after TRH are elevated. After thyroid replacement therapy, HPr levels decrease to normal.T4 and/or T3 may condition the production or effects of prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF) activity. The TSH and HPr responses after TRH in hypopituitary patients will determine whether the primary defect resides in the pituitary or hypothalamus, but cannot delineate the hypothalamic defect as a deficiency of hypothalamic hormone production or neurohumoral transmission.

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“…High levels of circulating PRL during human pregnancy are well established, and were described for the first time in the early 1970s (Hwang et al 1971, Jacobs et al 1972, L'Hermite & Robyn 1972. Studies have shown that peak values reach more than five times the normal values at the 20-25th week of gestation (100-250 ng/ml; Boyar et al 1975, Ben-Jonathan et al 1996.…”

Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin secretion patterns: basic mechanisms and clinical implications for reproduction

Egli¹,

Leeners²,

Krüger³

2010

Reproduction

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Prolactin (PRL) is one of the most versatile hormones in the mammalian body affecting reproductive, sexual, metabolic, immune, and other functions. It is therefore not surprising that the neural control of PRL secretion is complex, involving the coordinated actions of several hypothalamic nuclei. A plethora of experimental data exists on the hypothalamic control of hormone secretion under various physiological stimuli. There have been even mathematical models and computer studies published, which help to understand the complex hypothalamic-pituitary network. Nevertheless, the putative role of PRL for human reproduction still has to be clarified. Here, we review data on the underlying mechanisms controlling PRL secretion using both experimental and mathematical approaches. These investigations primarily focus on rhythmic secretion in rats during early pregnancy or pseudopregnancy, and they point to the important role of oxytocin as a crucial PRL-releasing factor. Recent data on human studies and their theoretical and clinical implications are reviewed as well. In particular, studies demonstrating a sustained PRL surge after sexual climax in males and females are presented, indicating possible implications for both sexual satiation and reproductive functions. Taking these data together, there is evidence for the hypothesis that the PRL surge induced by sexual activity, together with the altered PRL rhythmic pattern, is important for successful initialization of pregnancy not only in rodents but also possibly in humans. However, further investigations are needed to clarify such a role in humans.

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A Mixed Heterologous Radioimmunoassay for Human Prolactin1

Cited by 101 publications

References 20 publications

Endocrine Studies in Anencephaly

Endocrine Studies in Anencephaly

Human prolactin and thyrotropin concentrations in the serums of normal and hypopituitary children before and after the administration of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Prolactin secretion patterns: basic mechanisms and clinical implications for reproduction

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