A Mixed Comparisons of Aerobic Training With Different Volumes and Intensities of Physical Exercise in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Abstract

It is essential for patients with hypertension to effectively reduce and maintain appropriate blood pressure levels. As one of the non-pharmacological and invasive methods, physical exercise seems to improve blood pressure of the patients with hypertension. However, different volumes and intensities of physical exercise on the improvement of hypertension are different. To understand the effects of the type of exercise training on blood pressure and the other health status of patients with hypertension, a network meta-analysis was used to compare the mixed effects of different types of exercise training. This systematic review includes all eligible randomized controlled trials of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 846 participants at the end of the study). The results show that a medium-intensity training (MIT) is best in improving the blood pressure of patients with hypertension, while a high-volume high-intensity interval training (HVHIIT) is better in reducing body mass and resting heart rate. In addition, the analysis of the exercise capacity shows that HVHIIT has a better effect on the improvement of patients with hypertension. Noticeably, long-term high-volume and appropriate intensity exercise can effectively improve the health status of patients with hypertension. In short, for patients with high blood pressure, MIT seems to be better at lowering blood pressure, while HVHIIT can better improve exercise ability and physical fitness. However, larger randomized controlled trials with a longer duration than those included in this meta-analysis are needed to confirm these results.

Long-Term Physical Activity Effectively Reduces the Consumption of Antihypertensive Drugs: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…In terms of volume, aerobic interventions involving high-volume exercise have been shown to contribute to blood pressure reduction [28,43]. However, a previous study, comparing inactive individuals with those engaging in free walking activities (characterized by very low intensity but higher volume of physical activity) did not find significant differences in SBP changes [44].…”

“…PA prescription is highly recommended as an effective treatment option for all patients, including those with mild to moderate risk of elevated blood pressure [25]. Several studies have evaluated the role of exercise on SBP, DBP, and HR reduction [26][27][28], indicating that improving awareness and adherence of hypertensive patients to a healthier lifestyle, which includes dietary modifications, stress management, and PA, resulted in successful blood pressure control and enhanced response to drug therapy [29,30].…”

“…In conclusion, there are three essential conditions that must be considered when designing a physical protocol with the goal of reducing blood pressure and, consequently, medication intake: a long-term commitment to regular PA; good adherence to the exercise protocol; and appropriate volume, intensity, and modality of exercise [28]. Enhancing enjoyment and motivation through various strategies, such as group exercise or the utilization of technological equipment, could facilitate long-term adherence to physical activity programs for the elderly [45,46].…”

Physical activity and eating behaviors patterns associated with high blood pressure among Chinese children and adolescents

“…Women appear to have less vasoconstriction and lower vascular resistance after exercise compared to men [46]. Lu et al [47] found that the improvement effect of moderate-high intensity exercise on male patients with hypertension was better than that of female patients. Thus, the MHPAF also contributed to the healthy blood pressure in boys.…”

Chinese Herbal Medicine Reduces the Risk of Heart Failure in Hypertensive Patients: A Nationwide, Retrospective, Cohort Study

“…Hypertension (HTN) is the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature death worldwide ( 1 , 2 ). The prevalence of HTN is rising globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries ( 3 ).…”