A Mixed Apocrine Gland Tumor with Metastases to the Bone and Bone Marrow in a Miniature Poodle

Abstract

A 10-year-old female miniature poodle had a mass in its carpal joint of the left forelimb. The tumor was divided into small multiple lobules by delicate connective tissues, and necroses were found in some of the central lobules. In some connective stromal areas, chondroid and osteoid tissues were formed. The tumor cells were similar to the structure of apocrine gland epithelial cells with apical blebs resembling apocrine secretion and eosinophilic secretary materials within the luminal space, and spindle cells were sometimes found in the basal area of the glandular structure. In some areas, tumor cells invaded in the blood vessels, bone and bone marrow. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells forming tubulo-acinar to solid structures were intensely positive for cytokeratin and keratin K8/K18, and the spindle cells were positive for vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin. This case was diagnosed as a malignant mixed apocrine gland tumor with metastases to the bone and bone marrow.

Unilateral mixed adenoma of the third eyelid lacrimal gland in a boxer dog

“… 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 Mixed adenomas and carcinomas of apocrine sweat glands in dogs are similarly uncommon with clinical outcome data limited to single case reports. 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 …”

“…Clinical outcome data for these salivary tumors are primarily limited to single case reports 22–25 . Mixed adenomas and carcinomas of apocrine sweat glands in dogs are similarly uncommon with clinical outcome data limited to single case reports 26–30 …”

Mutations of p53 gene in canine sweat gland carcinomas probably associated with UV radiation

“…Tumours can grow anywhere on the body, but most frequently on the head, neck, thorax and limbs ( 23 , 29 , 36 , 56 ). They are usually aggressive, with a tendency to local recurrence and metastasis to the regional lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bone and bone marrow via lymphatic and intravascular invasion both in humans ( 4 , 36 , 48 , 65 ) and dogs ( 3 , 19 , 22 , 42 , 56 ). The available literature describing canine ASGCs provides reports which focus mostly on the morphological appearance and epidemiological data, whereas little is known about the aetiology and molecular alterations underlying the development of these cancers.…”

Resumos Do Xvi Enapave

“…Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é o de relatar um caso raro de carcinoma apócrino com metaplasia escamosa em um cão, bem como a utilização de marcadores imuno-histoquímicos para confirmação diagnóstica dessa neoplasia. Morita et al, 2010). A variação histológica desse tipo tumoral pode, em alguns casos, comprometer o diagnóstico e consequentemente a sua determinação prognóstica.…”

“…Por vezes observou-se a transformação em epitélio escamoso das células neoplásicas, com formação de filamentos de queratina, caracterizando o processo de metaplasia escamosa. O carcinoma apócrino é relativamente incomum em cães, representando cerca de 2% dos tumores cutâneos e raros relatos destacam seu potencial invasivo e metastático Morita et al, 2010). A variação histológica desse tipo tumoral pode, em alguns casos, comprometer o diagnóstico e consequentemente a sua determinação prognóstica.…”