A ‘mix and match’ approach to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Deming, Meagan E.; Lyke, Kirsten E.

doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01463-x

Cited by 56 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, the interval between prime and boost probably has a critical role. In SOTR the combination of two vaccine strategies that offer complementary stimulation of different immune pathways may more effectively induce long-lasting B cell responses and potent T cell responses [27]. The heterologous vaccine schedules, however, might have some short-term disadvantages inducing greater systemic reactogenicity following the boost dose than their homologous counterparts, as shown by preliminary studies [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Humoral Response to mRNA COVID19 Vaccines in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Longitudinal Study—The COViNEPH Project

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is low. The main goal of this study was to analyze factors that may influence the humoral response to vaccination. Methods: We analyzed the titer magnitude of IgG antibodies directed against spike (S)-SARS-CoV-2 antigen after the second dose of the mRNA vaccine in 142 infection naïve KTR (83 men, i.e., 58.4%) with a median age (IQR) of 54 (41–63), and 36 respective controls without chronic kidney disease. mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 were applied in 26% and 74% of KTR, respectively. Results: S-specific immune response (seroconversion) was seen in 73 (51.41%) of KTR, and in all controls 36 (100%). Independent predictors of no response were elder age, shorter transplantation vintage, and a more than two-drug immunosuppressive protocol. In subgroup analyses, the seroconversion rate was highest among KTR without MMF/MPS treatment (70%), treated with no more than two immunosuppressants (69.2%), treated without corticosteroid (66.7%), younger patients aged <54 years (63.2%), and those vaccinated with the mRNA-1273 vaccine (62.16%). The independent predictors of higher S-antibody titer among responders were younger age, treatment with no more than two immunosuppressants, and the mRNA-1273 vaccination. Conclusions: Our study confirmed a low rate of seroconversion after vaccination with the mRNA vaccine in KTR. The major modifiable determinants of humoral response were the composition of the immunosuppressive protocol, as well as the type of vaccine. The latter could be taken into consideration when initial vaccination as well as booster vaccination is considered in KTR.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Humoral Response to mRNA COVID19 Vaccines in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Longitudinal Study—The COViNEPH Project

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several countries have started combining COVID-19 vaccines, referred to as a heterologous vaccine strategy ( 213 , 214 ). Individuals who had previously received the Oxford-AstraZeneca (AZD1222/ChAdOx1) vaccine were given the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccine after eight weeks ( 215 ).…”

Section: Future Concerns and Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals who had previously received the Oxford-AstraZeneca (AZD1222/ChAdOx1) vaccine were given the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccine after eight weeks ( 215 ). Vaccinees elicited more robust immune responses that generated more antibodies as well as memory B cells than the control group who received the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine alone ( 213 – 215 ). The United Arab Emirates recently started administrating Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) booster shots to individuals six months after the second Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) shot ( 216 ).…”

Section: Future Concerns and Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines, and Host Immunity

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new beta coronavirus that emerged at the end of 2019 in the Hubei province of China. SARS-CoV-2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Herd or community immunity has been proposed as a strategy to protect the vulnerable, and can be established through immunity from past infection or vaccination. Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection results in the development of a reservoir of resilient memory cells is under investigation. Vaccines have been developed at an unprecedented rate and 7 408 870 760 vaccine doses have been administered worldwide. Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants are more transmissible with a reduced sensitivity to immune mechanisms. This is due to the presence of amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, which confer a selective advantage. The emergence of variants therefore poses a risk for vaccine effectiveness and long-term immunity, and it is crucial therefore to determine the effectiveness of vaccines against currently circulating variants. Here we review both SARS-CoV-2-induced host immune activation and vaccine-induced immune responses, highlighting the responses of immune memory cells that are key indicators of host immunity. We further discuss how variants emerge and the currently circulating variants of concern (VOC), with particular focus on implications for vaccine effectiveness. Finally, we describe new antibody treatments and future vaccine approaches that will be important as we navigate through the COVID-19 pandemic.

show abstract

“…In addition, the strategy will ensure that more people are vaccinated across the world and might be the magic wand needed to reduce the global inequalities in vaccine availability ( 13 ). Deming and Lyke ( 15 ) reported that the mix and match vaccination strategy improved the neutralization of variants ( 16 ) and the induction of spike protein-specific CD8+ T cells beyond what was achieved via homologous vaccinations ( 17 ). Furthermore, Barros-Martins et al ( 16 ) and Schmidt et al ( 17 ) believed that the heterologous combination of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine as primer dose and Pfizer–BioNTech Vaccine as booster dose resulted in 20 to >60-fold greater titers of neutralizing antibodies (IgG and IgA) against the alpha, beta, or gamma variants of the SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%