A Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii)

Xu, Shuqing; Yang, Yingzhong; Zhou, Jingbo; Jing, Guo; Chen, Y.T.; Wang, J.; Yang, Huanming; Yu, Jun; Zheng, Xin; Ge, Ri‐Li

doi:10.1016/s1672-0229(05)03003-2

Cited by 63 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Luo et al [28] suggested that COX may play an important role in hypoxia adaptation, based on an analysis of the mt genome of Ochotona curzoniae. It has also been reported that mt COX1 may be related to plateau adaptation in Tibetan antelope [29]. Oxygen is the ultimate electron acceptor, in a process that is catalyzed by COX; therefore, modifications in COX might be expected to increase its ability to cope with reduced oxygen supply.…”

Section: Protein-coding Genesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A. tibetiana is a highland species, distributed in the Tibetan Plateau, which has evolved to tolerate the hypoxia and low temperatures that are typical for high altitude environments. Over the past decade, it has been reported (in Ochotona curzoniae and Pantholops hodgsoni) that complexes I and IV of the mt electron transport system, such as the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) complexes, harbor amino acid (AA) variations which are considered to be related to high altitude adaptation [28,29]. The results from both these studies suggested that, in the hypoxia environment, sequence variations may be selected and eventually fixed in the mt genomes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mitochondrial genome sequences of Artemia tibetiana and Artemia urmiana: assessing molecular changes for high plateau adaptation

Zhang

Luo

Sun

et al. 2013

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Brine shrimps, Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca), inhabit hypersaline environments and have a broad geographical distribution from sea level to high plateaus. Artemia therefore possess significant genetic diversity, which gives them their outstanding adaptability. To understand this remarkable plasticity, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of two Artemia tibetiana isolates from the Tibetan Plateau in China and one Artemia urmiana isolate from Lake Urmia in Iran and compared them with the genome of a low-altitude Artemia, A. franciscana. We compared the ratio of the rate of nonsynonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitutions (Ka/Ks ratio) in the mitochondrial protein-coding gene sequences and found that atp8 had the highest Ka/Ks ratios in comparisons of A. franciscana with either A. tibetiana or A. urmiana and that atp6 had the highest Ka/Ks ratio between A. tibetiana and A. urmiana. Atp6 may have experienced strong selective pressure for high-altitude adaptation because although A. tibetiana and A. urmiana are closely related they live at different altitudes. We identified two extended termination-associated sequences and three conserved sequence blocks in the D-loop region of the mitochondrial genomes. We propose that sequence variations in the D-loop region and in the subunits of the respiratory chain complexes independently or collectively contribute to the adaptation of Artemia to different altitudes. mitochondrial genome, Artemia tibetiana, sequence variation, high plateau species Citation:Zhang H X, Luo Q B, Sun J, et al. Mitochondrial genome sequences of Artemia tibetiana and Artemia urmiana: assessing molecular changes for high plateau adaptation. Sci China Life Sci, 2013Sci, , 56: 440 -452, doi: 10.1007 Brine shrimps, Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca), have a broad geographical distribution and inhabit hypersaline environments that vary considerably in their anionic composition, climate, and altitude. The major anions that contribute to anionic composition include chloride, sulfate, carbonate, or combinations of up to all three [1]. Artemia species can be found in altitudes from sea level to over 4000 m above sea level; for example, in Tibet (4000 m) and in the East African Plateau (over 5000 m). Artemia can survive in harsh environments other than in high salinity, including low atmospheric pressure, rarefied air, cold temperature, and long winters, as well as in climatological conditions that range from humid to arid [2]. Artemia species are capable of switching their reproduction strategies between sexual and parthenogenetic forms in a single life cycle [1,3,4], and populations can survive through cold winters by producing diapause cysts [5][6][7]. Because of their distinct features, Ar- Zhang H X, et al. Sci China Life Sci May (2013) Vol.56 No.5 441 temia draw significant scientific interest from several areas including ecology, aquaculture, physiology, ecotoxicology, and genetics [8][9][10][11][12]. Animal mitochondrial (mt) genomes are circular DNA molecules ~17 kb in length that encode the ma...

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Section: Protein-coding Genesmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial genome sequences of Artemia tibetiana and Artemia urmiana: assessing molecular changes for high plateau adaptation

Zhang

Luo

Sun

et al. 2013

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…In plateau pikas ( Ochotona curzoniae ) and Tibetan antelope ( Pantholops hodgsonii ) living at high elevations, nucleotide changes in COX1 genes also appear to code for adaptations to high‐altitude, low‐oxygen environments (Xu et al. 2005; Luo et al. 2008).…”

Section: Signatures Of Adaptive Divergence In Metazoan Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitonuclear coevolution as the genesis of speciation and the mitochondrial DNA barcode gap

Hill

2016

Ecology and Evolution

134

172

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Mitochondrial genes are widely used in taxonomy and systematics because high mutation rates lead to rapid sequence divergence and because such changes have long been assumed to be neutral with respect to function. In particular, the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 has been established as a highly effective DNA barcode for diagnosing the species boundaries of animals. Rarely considered in discussions of mitochondrial evolution in the context of systematics, speciation, or DNA barcodes, however, is the genomic architecture of the eukaryotes: Mitochondrial and nuclear genes must function in tight coordination to produce the complexes of the electron transport chain and enable cellular respiration. Coadaptation of these interacting gene products is essential for organism function. I extend the hypothesis that mitonuclear interactions are integral to the process of speciation. To maintain mitonuclear coadaptation, nuclear genes, which code for proteins in mitochondria that cofunction with the products of mitochondrial genes, must coevolve with rapidly changing mitochondrial genes. Mitonuclear coevolution in isolated populations leads to speciation because population‐specific mitonuclear coadaptations create between‐population mitonuclear incompatibilities and hence barriers to gene flow between populations. In addition, selection for adaptive divergence of products of mitochondrial genes, particularly in response to climate or altitude, can lead to rapid fixation of novel mitochondrial genotypes between populations and consequently to disruption in gene flow between populations as the initiating step in animal speciation. By this model, the defining characteristic of a metazoan species is a coadapted mitonuclear genotype that is incompatible with the coadapted mitochondrial and nuclear genotype of any other population.

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“…In addition, the mtDNA genome, which encodes 13 proteins essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) (7 subunits of the NADH dehydrogenase, the cytochrome b subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex, 3 subunits of the cytochrome c oxidase and 2 subunits of ATP synthase) [5][6][7], could also represent a genetic marker for for the molecular basis of adaptation to high altitude. Indeed, several previous mtDNA analyses have indicated adaptive variation in the cytochrome c oxidase genes of plateau pikas, camelids and the Tibetan antelope [3, 27,28], the NADH dehydrogenase genes of the Tibetan horse [4,29], the cytochrome b gene of alpaca [7,9], and the ATP synthase genes of Caprini [30]. In fact, the absence of adaptive evolution in the Leptin gene of Chinese snub-nosed monkeys is not entirely unexpected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular evolution of stress-response gene Leptin in high-altitude Chinese snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus genus)

Wang

Jin

et al. 2010

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Chinese snub-nosed monkeys (genus Rhinopithecus, subfamily Colobinae), including R. bieti, R. brelichi and R. roxellana, are well-known as the non-human primates with the highest known altitudinal distribution. They represent an interesting model organism of adaptation to the extreme environmental stresses. However, no study at the molecular level has yet been reported for the high-altitude adaptation in Chinese snub-nosed monkeys. Leptin, as an adipocyte-derived hormone, is believed to play an important role in energy homeostasis in adaptation to high altitude environments. In the present study, we sequenced and compared leptin sequences of the Chinese snub-nosed monkeys (R. bieti and R. roxellana) with their lowland close relative R. avunculus and other Colobines. Unexpectedly, no amino acid changes were observed in the 7 Colobinae species examined, including the 2 Chinese snub-nosed monkeys, indicating no difference in the evolutionary pattern of the Leptin gene between high-altitude monkeys and their lowland counterparts. In contrast to a previous finding of adaptive evolution of Leptin gene in plateau pikas, our study suggests that this gene may not have an important role in high-altitude adaptation of Chinese snub-nosed monkeys. Other nuclear genes associated with energy metabolism, or mitochondrial genes, are most likely to be involved the molecular mechanism underlying adaptation of these monkeys to cold and hypoxia associated with the highland environment.Leptin, Chinese snub-nosed monkeys, high-altitude, adaptation Citation:Wang X P, Jin W, Yu L, et al. Molecular evolution of stress-response gene Leptin in high-altitude Chinese snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus genus).

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A Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii)

Cited by 63 publications

References 28 publications

Mitochondrial genome sequences of Artemia tibetiana and Artemia urmiana: assessing molecular changes for high plateau adaptation

Mitochondrial genome sequences of Artemia tibetiana and Artemia urmiana: assessing molecular changes for high plateau adaptation

Mitonuclear coevolution as the genesis of speciation and the mitochondrial DNA barcode gap

Molecular evolution of stress-response gene Leptin in high-altitude Chinese snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus genus)

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