A missing piece of the Papio puzzle: Gorongosa baboon phenostructure and intrageneric relationships

Martínez, Felipe I.; Capelli, Cristian; Silva, Maria Joana Ferreira da; Aldeias, Vera; Alemseged, Zeresenay; Archer, Will; Bamford, Marion K.; Biro, Dora; Bobe, René; Braun, David R.; Habermann, Jörg M.; Lüdecke, Tina; Madiquida, Hilário; Mathe, Jacinto; Negash, Enquye W.; Paulo, Luis Meira; Pinto, Maria José Vaz; Stalmans, Marc; Tátá, Frederico; Carvalho, Susana

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.01.007

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…The species with the highest occupancy probabilities in Gorongosa were baboons ( Papio cynocephalus/P. ursinus hybrids; Martinez et al ., 2019), warthog ( Phacochoerus africanus ), bushbuck ( Tragelaphus scriptus ), and waterbuck; these four species all had occupancy probabilities approaching 1 (Supporting Information Figure ), and together comprised 59% of all records. The extremely high occupancy probability of baboons in Gorongosa (0.995; 95% CI 0.98–0.9999) is especially striking when compared to an occupancy probability of 0.12 for baboons in the Serengeti (95% CI 0.04–0.25; Papio cynocephalus ) and 0.17 for baboons in the Okavango (95% CI 0.05–0.45; Papio ursinus ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postwar wildlife recovery in an African savanna: evaluating patterns and drivers of species occupancy and richness

Gaynor

Daskin

Rich

et al. 2020

Animal Conservation

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As local and global disturbances reshape African savannas, an understanding of how animal communities recover and respond to landscape features can inform conservation and restoration. Here, we explored the spatial ecology of a wildlife community in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, where conservation efforts have fostered the recovery of large mammal populations after their near-extirpation during Mozambique's civil war. We deployed a grid of 60 camera traps and used a hierarchical, multi-species occupancy modeling approach to examine patterns of occupancy and its environmental and anthropogenic correlates for different functional groups and species. Our survey provides strong evidence that wildlife in Gorongosa is recovering. Throughout the study area, modeled species richness was comparable to richness in less-disturbed savanna systems in Tanzania and Botswana, and exceeded estimates of richness from a mixed-use landscape outside the park and from postwar (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) aerial surveys. However, the mammal community in Gorongosa differs from prewar conditions and from those of more intact systems, with few large carnivores, low occupancy probabilities for large ungulate species that were dominant prior to the war, and high occupancy for other ungulates that are now ubiquitous. Associations with tree cover varied among species and guilds. Contrary to our expectation, there was no effect of lake proximity on community and group-level occupancy, and previously dominant floodplain ungulate species now occupy more wooded areas. Mammals were more likely to occupy areas that burned frequently, as post-fire vegetation regrowth provides high-quality forage, highlighting the importance of Gorongosa's fire regime. Occupancy was lower in areas with more illegal hunting, and higher closer to roads, potentially because roads were established in areas of high wildlife density and facilitate animal movement. Continued multi-species monitoring in Gorongosa can shed light on the different recovery trajectories of ungulate species and the consequences of ongoing large carnivore restoration, guiding conservation interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postwar wildlife recovery in an African savanna: evaluating patterns and drivers of species occupancy and richness

Gaynor

Daskin

Rich

et al. 2020

Animal Conservation

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“…Gorongosa baboons exhibit features that are diagnostic of the grayfooted chacma baboon ( Papio ursinus griseipes ), but they also exhibit features frequently seen in yellow and Kinda baboons. The morphometric analysis of the skull shows that their phenotype is a mosaic of features from yellow and grayfooted baboons 4 . Maria Joana Ferreira da Silva and colleagues presented their study on Gorongosa baboon population structure and genetic diversity estimates using noninvasive DNA samples and mtDNA and short tandem repeat (STR) genetic markers.…”

Section: The Paleo‐primate Project Gorongosamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Renowned biologist E. O. Wilson has described Gorongosa as “ecologically the most diverse park in the world.” 2 The park is home to five species of nonhuman primates, among them 219 troops of baboons, 3 whose phenotypic diversity suggests an extended history of admixture between chacmas ( Papio ursinus ) and yellow baboons ( Papio cynocephalus ) (Figure 3). 4 With its dynamic mix of environments in the African Rift Valley, and highly adaptable primates, Gorongosa brings to mind the vegetation mosaics in which Pliocene and Pleistocene hominins evolved 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate adaptations and evolution in the Southern African Rift Valley

Bobe

Martínez

Carvalho

2020

Evolutionary Anthropology

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Primate adaptations and evolution in the Southern African Rift Valley 1 | INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDGorongosa National Park in central Mozambique offers an unparalleled setting for the study of primate adaptations to complex and highly dynamic environments. Located at the southern end of the East African Rift System, Gorongosa hosts a mosaic of forests, woodlands, grasslands, swamps, rivers, and a major lake, Lake Urema, which fluctuates extensively with the seasonal cycles (Figures 1 and 2). 1 Renowned biologist E. O. Wilson has described Gorongosa as "ecologically the most diverse park in the world." 2 The park is home to five species of nonhuman primates, among them 219 troops of baboons, 3 whose phenotypic diversity suggests an extended history of admixture between chacmas (Papio ursinus) and yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) (Figure 3). 4 With its dynamic mix of environments in the African Rift Valley, and highly adaptable primates, Gorongosa brings to mind the vegetation mosaics in which Pliocene and Pleistocene hominins evolved. 5 Gorongosa thus provided an ideal setting to bring together a broad interdisciplinary group of scientists to discuss "New perspectives on primate adaptations to complex environments and implications for early human evolution." The occasion was a workshop funded by the Wenner-Gren Foundation and hosted by Gorongosa National Park on July 23-25, 2019. The Wenner-Gren Foundation has sponsored about 165 symposia and workshops over the past 67 years, but this was only the third time such an event was held in Africa. The workshop included 36 researchers and students (from 20 institutions in 11 countries) with expertise in primatology, zoology, natural history, ecology, botany, genetics, genomics, paleontology, paleoanthropology, archeology, and geology (Figure 4). The event was open to the public, so researchers, students, and staff working in the park, among them many young Mozambicans, attended the workshop and participated in the discussions. Holding such an event in Mozambique was a milestone for a country with great potential in primatology, paleontology, and paleoanthropology, and allowed Mozambican scholars and students to establish new collaborations for future research and training.

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“…After previous speculation regarding potential overlap and interbreeding in the region (Ansell, 1960, 1978; Burrell, 2009; Jolly, 1993), Jolly et al (2011) reported that the two species did in fact hybridize, detecting individuals in multiple localities with mixed or intermediate phenotypes as well as individuals and social groups with contrasting ancestry inferred from mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome. The Kafue River Valley hybrid zone adds to extensive documentation of past and present hybridization in baboons (Jolly, 1993; Rogers et al, 2019; Zinner et al, 2011), including ongoing hybridization around Awash National Park in Ethiopia (Bergman & Beehner, 2004; Phillips‐Conroy & Jolly, 1986), Amboseli National Park in Kenya (Alberts & Altmann, 2001; Charpentier et al, 2012; Tung et al, 2008), Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique (Martinez et al, 2019), and the Luangwa Valley in Zambia (Burrell, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide ancestry and introgression in a Zambian baboon hybrid zone

et al. 2021

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Hybridization in nature offers unique insights into the process of natural selection in incipient species and their hybrids. In order to evaluate the patterns and targets of selection, we examine a recently discovered baboon hybrid zone in the Kafue River Valley of Zambia, where Kinda baboons (Papio kindae) and grey‐footed chacma baboons (P. ursinus griseipes) coexist with hybridization. We genotyped baboons at 14,962 variable genome‐wide autosomal markers using double‐digest RADseq. We compared ancestry patterns from this genome‐wide data set to previously reported ancestry from mitochondrial‐DNA and Y‐chromosome sources. We also fit a Bayesian genomic cline model to scan for genes with extreme patterns of introgression. We show that the Kinda baboon Y chromosome has penetrated the species boundary to a greater extent than either mitochondrial DNA or the autosomal chromosomes. We also find evidence for overall restricted introgression in the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Echoing results in other species including humans, we find evidence for enhanced and/or directional introgression of immune‐related genes or pathways including the toll‐like receptor pathway, the blood coagulation pathway, and the LY96 gene. Finally we show enhanced introgression and excess chacma baboon ancestry in the sperm tail gene ODF2. Together, our results elucidate the dynamics of introgressive hybridization in a primate system while identifying genes and pathways possibly under selection.

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A missing piece of the Papio puzzle: Gorongosa baboon phenostructure and intrageneric relationships

Cited by 14 publications

References 63 publications

Postwar wildlife recovery in an African savanna: evaluating patterns and drivers of species occupancy and richness

Postwar wildlife recovery in an African savanna: evaluating patterns and drivers of species occupancy and richness

Primate adaptations and evolution in the Southern African Rift Valley

Genome‐wide ancestry and introgression in a Zambian baboon hybrid zone

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