A Miniaturized Implantable Antenna for Wireless Power Transfer and Communication in Biomedical Applications

Abstract

A miniaturized, triple-band, implantable antenna for biomedical applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna with dimensions of 8.1 mm × 8.1 mm × 0.64 mm, combined with a shorting pin and a ground slot, operates at bands between 401–406 MHz for the medical implant communications service (MICS); 1,395–1,400 MHz and 1,427–1,432 MHz for the wireless medical telemetry service (WMTS); and 2,400–2,500 MHz for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) applications. The antenna is deployed simultaneously for data transmission and wireless power transfer (WPT) at the two frequencies of communications and the ISM band, respectively. The antenna achieves peak gain values of -35.7 dBi, -25.1 dBi, and -19.5 dBi with the impedance bandwidths of 10.1%, 15.5%, and 9.58% at 402 MHz, 1.4 GHz, and 2.45 GHz, respectively. The experiments in the muscle tissue were implemented to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed antenna. To ensure safety standards in the human body environment, the specific absorption rate (SAR) value is simulated and evaluated thoroughly.

Wireless Battery-free and Fully Implantable Organ Interfaces

“…Smaller devices are less likely to cause irritation or discomfort to the patient and can be implanted in less invasive ways, via a small incision or injection . This can increase patient acceptance and reduce the risk of complications, ultimately enabling widespread use to capture holistic insight in patient health, and because of continuous power influx, enable computation and communication well beyond contemporary implants. − Challenges for miniaturization are mainly in power supply strategies (discussed in Sections “Power Casting Techniques” and “Power Harvesting Techniques”), integration density governed by fabrication challenges (discussed in Section “Fabrication Techniques for Implantable Devices”), and communication and computation (discussed in Sections “Wireless Communication” and “Infrastructure Integration”).…”

A Compact Multi-band Monopole Antenna for 5G NR Coal Mine Applications

“…Meanwhile, it is known that an antenna with compact size is always popular since it can save space for other components in an equipment. After literature review, it is found that typical approaches to miniaturize antenna size include adopting shorting pins [17][18][19][20], bending technique [21][22][23], loading metasurface structures [24][25][26], accepting fractal structures [27][28][29], etc. In particular, a U-slot patch antenna is halved by loading shorting pins in its center [17].…”

“…In particular, a U-slot patch antenna is halved by loading shorting pins in its center [17]. Combining with a shorting pin and a ground slot, a miniaturized triple-band implantable antenna for biomedical applications is presented in [18]. In [21], size reduction is achieved by employing a modified meandered slot.…”

Dual-Band Two-Port MIMO Antenna for Biomedical Deep Tissue Communication: Design, Characterization, and Performance Analysis

“…The design of implantable antennas is challenging owing to size constraints, the complex, and lossy nature of the human body, resulting in antenna properties that differ from those in free space [10]. Various types of implantable antennas, such as quad-band [11], [12], tripleband [10], [13], dual-band [4], [14], single-band [15], [16], and wide-band [17], [18] antennas, were recently suggested to satisfy the requirements of compactness, acceptable radiation, safety, and reliable link performance. However, these designs feature a single-input singleoutput (SISO) arrangement.…”