A mini-review on the development and emerging perspectives of seed pathology

Abstract

Seeds are the means of propagating about 90% of all food crops in the world, and they significantly influence yield potential in crop plants. Moreover, seeds are adversely affected by a number of factors such as postharvest and storage disease pathogens and unfavourable environmental conditions. Seed-borne pathogens represent a major threat to crop establishment and yield. Exposure of seeds to disease pathogens and other adverse conditions disrupts their normal physiology and metabolism which ultimately affects productivity. It is therefore imperative to promptly diagnose, treat, prevent and control seed related diseases. As with every other sphere of scientific studies, seed pathology has evolved tremendously over time; hence in this paper the development and emerging perspectives of this all important discipline was reviewed. Pathogen exclusion by detection and elimination of infested seed lots is required for disease management but traditional and conventional measures such as visual examination, use of media culture and serology are inadequate to detect pathogens associated with seed. In contrast, Nucleic acid-based molecular tools, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have emerged as faster and more reliable means for detecting and quantifying pathogens in seeds than conventional techniques.

Potential of transmission of Pyricularia graminis-tritici from plant to seed and from seed to seedling in wheat genotypes with different degrees of blast resistance

“…Faivre- Rampant et al (2013), when working with the inoculation of rice cultivars with different resistance reactions to Magnaporthe oryzae, verified that seeds harvested from progenies inoculated in the mature panicle phase presented a variation in the incidence of the fungus, ranging from 4% in the cultivar Gladio (resistant) to 21% in Maratelli cultivar (susceptible). Therefore, it can be considered that a greater genotype resistance to the pathogen predisposes to a lower rate of transmission of this to the seed (lower incidence), thus confirming the relationship between resistance of the parent plant and transmission of the fungus to the seeds (Goulart et al, 1995).…”

“…The seed is one of the most efficient means of dispersion, survival and transmission for several phytopathogens (Machado, 1988;Garcia Junior et al, 2008;Denardin and Agostini et al, 2013;Siqueira et al, 2016;Etebu and Nwauzoma, 2017). Therefore, several aspects of the blast should be investigated, such as the relationship between the presence of the disease in field and the incidence of the fungus in seeds produced (Goulart et al, 1995).…”

Biodegradation of Antibiotics: The Balance Between Good and Bad

“…Beta-lactams are one of the most used classes of antibiotics containing a betalactam ring which consists of a 3-carbon and 1-nitrogen atom ring and a ketone group. These antibiotics interfere with proteins essential for synthesis of bacterial cell wall [4] important Erythromycin, Azithromycin and Clarithromycin [5].…”

Effect of Substitutions on 1, 4‐Dihdropyridines to Achieve Potential Anti‐Microbial Drugs: A Review

“…The antibiotics are classified into different classes. Some are based on mode of action, molecular structure, the route of administration and spectrum of activity . The general classification along with the mode of action is discussed in Table .…”

“…Some are based on mode of action, molecular structure, the route of administration and spectrum of activity. [3] The general classification along with the mode of action is discussed in Table 1. To tackle the problem, researchers are continuously exploring and searching for the new agents, the aim of writing this review is to summarize the extent of resistance against the microbes provided by the existing 1, 4-DHP derivatives.…”