A mini review on the antimicrobial peptides isolated from the genus Hylarana (Amphibia: Anura) with a proposed nomenclature for amphibian skin peptides

Abstract

Hylarana is a well established frog genus coming under the family Ranidae. An increasing number of antimicrobial peptides have been isolated and characterized from the skin of frogs of this genus. This review covers the antimicrobial peptides reported so far from the frogs of Hylarana genus and to propose a consistent system of nomenclature for amphibian skin peptides. Multiple sequence alignment of the skin peptides from Hylarana genus has grouped them into six peptide families, and three bioactive peptides. Existing nomenclature of amphibian antimicrobial peptides is species centered with no implication to the genus which can lead to disparities, when frogs with same species name belonging to different genus have to be named. As per the proposed system the peptide should have the parent peptide name (e.g. Brevinin-1) followed by two uppercase letter of the genus, if two genera begin with the same letter-first letter should be the same followed by an appropriate second letter (e.g. HU for Huia and HM for Humenerana). This is succeeded by species name in lower case-orthologous peptides from different species may be characterized by the initial letter of that species, when two species begin with the same initial letter, second letter should be used appropriately (e.g. HLat for Hylarana aurata and HLan for Hylarana aurantiaca). Paralogs belonging to the same peptide family are assigned by numbers.

Functional Divergence in Shrimp Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors (ALFs): From Recognition of Cell Wall Components to Antimicrobial Activity

“…To conclude, taking into account the high diversity of shrimp ALFs explored here, we propose a uniform nomenclature for shrimp ALFs, as adopted for other AMP families, such as avian β-defensins [43], amphibian skin peptides [44], and shrimp penaeidins [35]. Like the penaeidin (PEN) nomenclature, the shrimp ALF nomenclature is based on the conserved amino acid residues found in the mature polypeptides of each ALF Group ( Figure 1 ).…”

First report of Lividin and Spinulosain peptides from the skin secretion of an Indian frog

“…However they are given different names irrespective of their structural similarity (Fig. 1B) as in the case of Gaegurin and Rugosin, which was renamed later [4]. Lividin 8 HYba identified in the present study showed similarity to Lividins and Odorranains, but on detailed analysis of their sequences and publication dates, it was found that such a sequence first reported was Lividin 8 (GenBank acc.…”

“…no: ADV36193) and a second encoding Spinulosain precursor with 92% identity to Spinulosain-A1 from Hylarana spinulosa [7]. The new peptides were named according to the recently accepted nomenclature system [4] and submitted to GenBank (GenBank acc. nos: KR995268, KR995269).…”

“…All the peptides isolated from O. livida were given the name Livdin without searching whether they had similarity with other reported peptides. Later, Lividin 1-4 were renamed as Brevinin and Esculentin [4] and proposed that the family name of the peptide should be selected giving priority to publication date. BLAST search gave seven peptides having 80-95% identity to the Lividin 8 HYba identified in the present study.…”

Identification and characterization of novel host defense peptides from the skin secretion of the fungoid frog, Hydrophylax bahuvistara (Anura: Ranidae)

“…NCBI BLAST search revealed that both the peptides showed 67% similarity with brevinin1 SN1 from Sylvirana spinulosa . The peptides were named as brevinin1 HYba1 and brevinin1 HYba2, respectively, according to the proposed nomenclature system for frog skin peptides.…”