A Mini Review on Osteoporosis: From Biology to Pharmacological Management of Bone Loss

Chin, Kok‐Yong; Ng, Ben Nett; Rostam, Muhd Khairik Imran; Fadzil, Nur Farah Dhaniyah Muhammad; Raman, Vaishnavi; Yunus, Farzana Mohamed; Hashim, Syed Alhafiz Syed; Ekeuku, Sophia Ogechi

doi:10.3390/jcm11216434

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 161 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…Most of the athletes also did not consume milk or calcium supplements regularly. A healthy diet that includes calcium and vitamin D is important for maintaining bone health [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) among National Athletes in Malaysia

et al. 2023

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Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S), which underpins the concept of low energy availability (LEA), can negatively affect athletes’ health and performance. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of RED-S among national athletes in Malaysia. A total of 192 national athletes (97 males, 18–39 years old) responded to an online survey regarding the RED-S risk. Most athletes (67.2%) were classified as having a medium/high RED-S risk. Female (41.2%), weight-class (23.9%), and intermittent sports (20.3%) had the highest prevalence of medium/high RED-S risk. Overall, most athletes spent 2–5 h daily (55.2%) and 6–7 days weekly (53.6%) practicing or playing their sport, and 47.9% reported feeling tired recently. The athletes were also terrified of being overweight (61.5%), worried about what they eat (64.7%), concerned about having fat on their bodies (62.6%), and thinking about burning calories while exercising (69.3%). Only 16.7% of the athletes had a prior history of stress fractures, and 40.6% continued to participate in activities 6–7 days per week while injured. The majority of female athletes (88.3%) had regular menstrual cycles. These findings support the notion that RED-S screening should be addressed in the athletic community. Future research is needed to clinically assess these athletes and investigate the impacts of RED-S on their health and sports performance.

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“…Most of the athletes also did not consume milk or calcium supplements regularly. A healthy diet that includes calcium and vitamin D is important for maintaining bone health [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) among National Athletes in Malaysia

et al. 2023

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“…Maintaining a healthy weight for an individual' s height is recommended since body weight is the load on bones. 19 A body weight of less than 127 lb (57.6 kg) places females in the lower quartile of weight for US females 65 years and older and is a risk factor for low BMD and osteoporosis. 14,20 Low body weight may also be an indicator of malnutrition.…”

Section: Weight Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,20 Low body weight may also be an indicator of malnutrition. 19 Nutrition A well-balanced diet high in calciumrich foods is a primary dietary approach to preventing and managing osteoporosis. Green leafy vegetables, tofu, and calcium water are alternate sources of calcium.…”

Section: Weight Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis

Peacock-Johnson,

Keresztes

2023

Nursing

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“…Osteoporosis occurs as a result of the imbalance bone remodelling process, favouring bone loss [ 6 ]. Bone remodelling is important in maintaining the integrity and functions of bone tissues, whereby osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes work sequentially in governing this biological process throughout life [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of E’Jiao on Skeletal Mineralisation, Osteocyte and WNT Signalling Inhibitors in Ovariectomised Rats

Chin

Rostam

et al. 2023

Life

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E’Jiao is a traditional Chinese medicine derived from donkey skin. E’Jiao is reported to suppress elevated bone remodelling in ovariectomised rats but its mechanism of action is not known. To bridge this research gap, the current study aims to investigate the effects of E’Jiao on skeletal mineralisation, osteocyte and WNT signalling inhibitors in ovariectomised rats. Female Sprague–Dawley rats (3 months old) were ovariectomised and supplemented with E’Jiao at 0.26 g/kg, 0.53 g/kg and 1.06 g/kg, or 1% calcium carbonate (w/v) in drinking water. The rats were euthanised after two months of supplementation and their bones were collected for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, histomorphometry and protein analysis. Neither ovariectomy nor treatment affected the skeletal mineral/matrix ratio, osteocyte number, empty lacunar number, and Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin protein levels (p > 0.05). Rats treated with calcium carbonate had a higher Dickkopf-1 level than baseline (p = 0.002) and E’Jiao at 0.53 g/kg (p = 0.002). In conclusion, E’Jiao has no significant effect on skeletal mineralisation, osteocyte and WNT signalling inhibitors in ovariectomised rats. The skeletal effect of E’Jiao might not be mediated through osteocytes.

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A Mini Review on Osteoporosis: From Biology to Pharmacological Management of Bone Loss

Cited by 27 publications

References 161 publications

Prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) among National Athletes in Malaysia

Prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) among National Athletes in Malaysia

Osteoporosis

Effects of E’Jiao on Skeletal Mineralisation, Osteocyte and WNT Signalling Inhibitors in Ovariectomised Rats

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