A Mineralogical and Chemical Study of the Dikeland Soils of Nova Scotia

Brydon, J. E.; Heystek, H.

doi:10.4141/cjss58-026

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Upon heating to 550°C, the 15 A phase had collapsed giving a 9.6-10 A reflection. The hydrochloric acid treatment (Brydon and Heystek, 1958) caused the 15 A basal reflection to be replaced by a broad peak having a maximum at 12-13 A. Similarly, treatment with 1 N NH4NO3 (Walker, 1949) caused a shift to 12 A.…”

Section: X-ray Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstratified Montmorillonite-Mica Clays from Subsoils of the Prairie Provinces, Western Canada

Kodama¹

1964

Clays clay miner. (Natl. Conf. Clays Clay Miner.)

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SAMPLES of glacial till and lacustrine soil clays selected over a distance of 900 miles across the Canadian Prairie Provinces were examined in detail by X-ray, chemical, thermal, infrared-absorption and electron-microscope methods. All of the experimental evidence indicated a marked similarity among the samples. The dominant component was an 18 A phase when glycerol-solvated, which was identified as a randomly interstratified montmorillonite-mica. This was associated with minor amounts of a 10 A phase (randomly interstratified mica-montmorillonite), kaolinite and quartz. Fourier transforms of the basal series of reflections gave contents of expanded material (montmorillonite) near 55 per cent, whereas calculation of the chemical formula gave near 80 per cent montmorillonite in the interstratified component. The Fourier transforms confirmed the random nature of the interstratification but also showed a tendency to zonal segregation of the mica and montmorillonite layers. On the basis of the chemical formula, the Greene-Kelly test and the infrared spectra, the swelling layer composition was intermediate between that of beidellite and that of Wyoirdng bentonite. Although there were no large differences between the samples, the small differences suggested two trends differentiating the till samples and the lacustrine samples: (1) The proportion of the expanded component of the interstratified mineral tended to be less in the lacustrine than in the till samples. (2) The composition of the expanding layers in the lacustrine samples tended to be nearer to the Wyoming bentonite composition than were the till samples. These trends are likely related to K fixation during or after deposition of the lacustrine materials, whereby the expanding layers with a beidellitic composition would be preempted leaving layers more similar to Wyoming bentonite.

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Section: X-ray Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstratified Montmorillonite-Mica Clays from Subsoils of the Prairie Provinces, Western Canada

Kodama¹

1964

Clays clay miner. (Natl. Conf. Clays Clay Miner.)

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“…An alternative to grinding is acid attack, Ross (1969) having shown that octahedral and tetrahedral sheets of chlorites are equally affected by acid and that attack proceeds along any point of weakness in the crystalline structure, as well as from the edges. Strong acids are known to decompose chlorites (Brydon & Heystek, 1958;Droste et al, 1962) whereas weak acids have been shown to react with chlorites to only a limited extent, determined in large part by the formation of Mg-AI and Mg-Fe double hydroxides (Brydon & Ross, 1966). Solutions similar in strength to those used by Brydon & Ross were used in the present work plus an additional solution of 1 • 10 -2 M MgCI2 in 10 -I M HC1.…”

Section: Acid Treatment Of the Chloritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charges on the surfaces of two chlorites

Jones

1981

Clay miner.

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A B S T R A C T:Two chlorites, sheridanite and clinochlore, have been examined to determine their surface charge characteristics. In order to increase their surface area and to produce a measurable surface charge, the chlorites were treated with 10 -3 M, 10 -2 M, and 10 -l M HCI in 10 -2 M MgC12 solutions. These treatments are shown not to alter the crystallinity of the chlorites and to produce a small pH-dependent negative charge which is not directly related to the total surface area. The clinochlore, (Si6.13A11.84)(A11.53 Femo 9 53 FeIIo. I 8M g9-52) O20(OH) 16, is more readily attacked by the acids than the sheridanite, (Si5.43A12.55)(A12.90FeIIo.05Mg8.86)O20(OH)lr, and also produces material with greater surface area and pH-dependent, negative, surface charge. It is concluded that: (i) isomorphous substitutions in the lattice are not reflected in a permanent surface charge; (ii) the observed surface charge arises not only at the edges of the particles but also at points where the chlorite is predisposed to attack by acids; (iii) in the chlorite-acid system used, anions--probably mainly silicate---block positively charged sites.

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“…Investigation of the dikeland soils of the upper Bay of Fundy area of Nova Scotia (3) showed that the clay fractions consisted of illite, chlorite, kaolinite and montmorillonite. Subsequently, samples of four soil series of the adjoining uplands were examined in order to determine the nature of their clay minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%