A MIMO Antenna System Using Self-Decoupled EMSIW Dual-Beam Antenna Elements

Kumari, Priya; Das, Susmita

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3139269

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…On a similar approach as reported in [46], another work [47] consisting of a two-element MIMO antenna was proposed, operating at 5.875 GHz (see Table II.c [47]). The single element of the antenna comprises two circular EM SIW cavities are connected in a butterfly structure, fed with a single probe feed, and optimized to operate at TM21 mode to exhibit a dual-beam radiation pattern.…”

Section: A Sub-6 Ghz Band Siw Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to limited antenna fabrication space on hand-held/portable devices, bulky and complex decoupling structures are not feasible [29][30]32,66,67]. Recently [46,47], SIW MIMO antennas operating in the sub-6 GHz band were reported where the authors combined the selfdecoupling technique with multiple diversities and avoided the complex decoupling networks. Thus, providing high isolation and at the same time saving precious PCB footprints by accommodating a large number of antenna elements.…”

Section: ) High Isolation In Closely Spaced Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multibeam antennas have recently emerged with the increase in demand for high data throughput in advanced mmWave wireless systems. Multibeam antennas were found to increase the MIMO systems' channel capacity [47]. Recently, an effort was made to develop a SIW MIMO antenna with a dual-beam [47].…”

Section: ) Multiple-beams/ Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multibeam antennas were found to increase the MIMO systems' channel capacity [47]. Recently, an effort was made to develop a SIW MIMO antenna with a dual-beam [47]. The work shows that it requires a lot of creativity and innovation on the researcher's side to develop dual-beam SIW MIMO antennas, more specifically catering to multi-user massive-MIMO base station systems.…”

Section: ) Multiple-beams/ Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design Challenges and Possible Solutions for 5G SIW MIMO and Phased Array Antennas: A Review

Ali

Wajid

Kumar³

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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With the increasing demand for high-speed data, rapid deployments of the 5G terrestrial heterogeneous wireless networks are expected worldwide in the next decade. In such networks, sub-6 GHz macro-cells overlapped by mmWave small-cells are being used to cater to densely populated regions. As a result, several challenges arise with the antenna design technologies used at the mobile terminal, access points, or backhaul/front haul levels. These challenges are being addressed using multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO), massive-MIMO, and phased array antenna technologies. In order to implement these antenna technologies, considering the expanding 5G scenario, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) offers a viable solution due to its low-cost, low-profile, high-power handling, low transmission loss, and ease of integration with the radio circuits; therefore, the SIW plays a vital role in developing the modern radio systems. The proposed study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of SIW MIMO and phased array antennas operating in the 5G sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands. It deliberates the specific issues related to the band of operations and challenges in designing different antenna structures. After careful investigation and detailed analysis, this paper identified existing research gaps and suggested possible antenna design solutions for prospective researchers who intend to explore further the aforementioned promising area and present future research directions.INDEX TERMS 5G New Radio (NR), millimeter-wave (mmWave), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), planar antennas, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), sub-6 GHz. I. INTRODUCTIONThere is rapid growth in the deployments of 5G heterogeneous wireless networks to cater to the increasing demands of high-speed data communication in the modern wireless system [1,2]. In such a scenario, the microwave and mmWave networks overlap (See Fig. 1) to serve the mobile units, access points, backhaul, and fronthaul wireless links, supported by MIMO, massive MIMO, and phased array antennas [1,2]. In order to realize these antennas, substrate integrated waveguide, a well-established planar technology, is a suitable choice [3]. A. MIMO ANTENNAThe multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is the key enabling technology for fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), and beyond 5G (B5G) wireless communication systems. In 4G communication, MIMO primarily supports average download speeds for mobile users. Whereas, in 5G, the MIMO at the user equipment (UE) side and massive MIMO at the base station (BS) promise to deliver high data speeds for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access and enable a wide range of services, including internet of thing (IoT) and critical machine-to-machine communications [1].As per Shannon's channel capacity theorem, the direct way to enhance the date rate is by increasing the bandwidth and/or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) [4]; however, these are not under the control of the antenna designer and are fixed by the cellular operator. Therefore, multiple antenna...

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Section: A Sub-6 Ghz Band Siw Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) High Isolation In Closely Spaced Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Multiple-beams/ Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Multiple-beams/ Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Design Challenges and Possible Solutions for 5G SIW MIMO and Phased Array Antennas: A Review

Ali

Wajid

Kumar³

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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“…Patches loaded with slots [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] have been shown to be able to avoid complex structures and attain a minimum elevation angle of 49° [ 12 ]. Bowtie-shaped patches loaded with metallic material via a wall along one edge [ 14 ] can achieve an elevation angle of ±45°. In [ 15 ], a quasi-radiator loaded with a fork slot and a shorting via was proposed, the beam tilting was realized through the overlap of two orthogonal fields, and the minimum elevation angle attained was 42°.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bidirectional Quasi-Endfire Patch Antenna with Low Elevation Angle

Zhou,

Shi,

Liu

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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A bidirectional quasi-endfire patch antenna with a low elevation angle has promising applications for wireless communication systems that are vehicle-based, airborne, and shipborne. In this paper, the shortened patch resonators and open patch resonator are integrated to form a bidirectional quasi-endfire patch antenna with low elevation angle. The open patch resonator operates with a TM20 mode to realize bidirectional radiation. The two shortened patch resonators operate with a TM01 mode coupled with a TM20 mode to control the phase difference between them at a suitable angle, so that the shortened patch resonators act as directors to tilt the dual beams toward the endfire direction and achieve low elevation angle. Compared with reported patch antennas with dual beams, the proposed antenna has the lowest elevation angle and a compact structure. For demonstration purposes, an antenna prototype operating at 3.5 GHz is fabricated and measured, exhibiting a low elevation angle of ±28°, a −10 dB impedance matching bandwidth from 3.44 GHz to 3.61 GHz, and a size of 1.36 λ0 × 0.57 λ0 with a profile of 0.036 λ0. A prototype with two pair of shortened patch directors further reduces the elevation angle to ±19° with the size of 2.3 λ0 × 0.57 λ0.

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