A millennium of Icelandic archaeological fish data examined against marine climate records

Hambrecht, George; Feeley, Frank; Śmiarowski, Konrad; Hicks, Megan; Harrison, Ramona; Brewington, Seth; Cesario, Grace; Gibbons, Kevin

doi:10.1017/qua.2019.35

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…While there is clearly some variability in fish size distribution across the region in the specific locations described, the North Pacific cod records contrast with the long-term patterns documented for Atlantic cod in the western North Atlantic, where resource depression has had a significant influence on cod populations across the region (Steneck, 1997;Rose, 2004;Hambrecht, 2019). On a broad geographic scale, Atlantic cod have shown dramatic effects of overfishing and, more recently, strong responses to changing climate (Pershing et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Size distribution of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the North Pacific Ocean over 6 millennia

et al. 2020

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In this paper, we compile estimates of cod size distributions based on zooarchaeological data and contemporary length-frequency data to look at variability in size composition through time across the North Pacific, from the northern Kuril Islands through the Aleutian Islands to southeast Alaska. The results suggest that a strong longitudinal trend in cod size has remained consistent over time, with the largest cod found to the west. We find that five of nine sites show that overall cod length and distribution of the largest fish remain relatively unchanged. Two sites where we find truncation of the length distributions—or loss of the largest fish—are places where the modern fisheries have the longest history and have been most intense, suggesting a potential for anthropogenic impacts on these local populations. We acknowledge two limitations in these data: (1) there are differences in selectivity between the ancient and modern fisheries; and (2) seasonal variability in fish availability was observed to be an important explanatory variable in the modern data set, but the season of harvest is poorly understood for the ancient collections. Therefore, while differences observed between the two data sets suggest possible anthropogenic influence on the size structure of Pacific cod, they are not conclusive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Size distribution of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the North Pacific Ocean over 6 millennia

et al. 2020

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“…The Atlantic cod fishery has a longer history of intensive commercial exploitation, dating back to the 14 th and 15 th centuries, a history that eventually contributed to more vulnerable stocks. George Hambrecht and company (2019) synthesize the last 1000 years of zooarchaeological data on Atlantic cod fishing in Iceland. This interval starts in the era of medieval Norse farming and locally-based fishing and was followed mid-millennia by the emergence of intensive commodities-based fisheries for export to European markets tied to the dawn of the ‘Modern Era’ in European history.…”

Section: This Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Paleoecology of Subarctic and Arctic Seas (PESAS)

Misarti¹,

Fitzhugh²

2022

Quat. res.

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The Subarctic and Arctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere contain productive ecosystems teeming with fish, shellfish, birds, sea mammals and seaweeds. These waters support coastal communities and productive industrial fisheries today, but things are changing. As climate warms, taxa are moving north, reassembling in new ecological configurations and transforming food webs. These developments, while novel in comparison to the past century, are not unprecedented. Human residents of the surrounding coasts have made their livings from these waters for millennia and have witnessed and adapted to changes in these systems before. As archaeologists, historical ecologists, historians, paleoecologists and paleoceanographers, the authors in this special issue have dedicated their careers to documenting past changes in these coupled natural and human ecosystems. As contributors to the Paleoecology of Subarctic and Arctic Seas (PESAS) working group, they seek to better understand the histories of environmental change and human adaptation in the subarctic and Arctic maritime environment both for its own sake and for the lessons it can offer in confronting the socio-ecological challenges of the present and anticipated future.

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“…The impacts of these challenges are strongly felt in the North Atlantic (Jorgenson et al 2019). The North Atlantic Biocultural Organization (NABO), working in the North Atlantic region, brings together a research community focused on long-term humanecodynamics (L-T H-E) with a strong archaeological focus (Hambrecht et al 2019;Hicks 2019). This research community's ambitions and practice have been visibly shaped by the potential relevance of their data and research outcomes to contemporary debates on the impacts of the climate crisis (Rockman and Hritz 2020), management of present-day ecosystems (Catlin 2016;Hambrecht et al 2020), and the value ascribed to landscapes and communities Sigurðardóttir et al 2019).…”

Section: Dataarc's Aim: Supporting Transdisciplinary Open Engaged Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lockpick's Guide to dataARC: Designing Infrastructures and Building Communities to Enable Transdisciplinary Research

Opitz¹,

Strawhacker²,

Buckland³

et al. 2021

Internet Archaeol.

Self Cite

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The North Atlantic Biocultural Organization (NABO) community initiated dataARC to develop digital research infrastructures to support their work on long-term human-ecodynamics in the North Atlantic. These infrastructures were designed to address the challenges of sharing research data, the connections between those data and high-level interpretations, and the interpretations themselves. In parallel, they were also designed to support the reuse of diverse data that underpin transdisciplinary synthesis research and to contextualise materials disseminated widely to the public more firmly in their evidence base. This article outlines the research infrastructure produced by the project and reflects on its design and development. We outline the core motivations for dataARC's work and introduce the tools, platforms and (meta)data products developed. We then undertake a critical review of the project's workflow. This review focuses on our understanding of the needs of stakeholder groups, the principles that guided the design of the infrastructure, and the extent to which these principles are successfully promoted in the current implementation. Drawing on this assessment, we consider how the infrastructure, in whole or in part, might be reused by other transdisciplinary research communities. Finally, we highlight key socio-technical gaps that may emerge as structural barriers to transdisciplinary, engaged, and open research if left unaddressed.

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A millennium of Icelandic archaeological fish data examined against marine climate records

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Size distribution of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the North Pacific Ocean over 6 millennia

Size distribution of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the North Pacific Ocean over 6 millennia

Introduction to the Paleoecology of Subarctic and Arctic Seas (PESAS)

A Lockpick's Guide to dataARC: Designing Infrastructures and Building Communities to Enable Transdisciplinary Research

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