A Middle Stone Age Worked Bone Industry from Katanda, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire

Yellen, John E.; Brooks, Alison S.; Cornelissen, Els; Mehlman, Michael J.; Stewart, Kathlyn M.

doi:10.1126/science.7725100

Cited by 346 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, the difference need not be cognitive and instead an increased flexibility in modern human diets could be part of the techno- logical and organizational package that allowed the widespread expansion of modern humans out of Africa into Europe Ϸ40,000 years ago. Indeed, the first clear evidence for the regular use of marine resources comes from modern humans in Africa only after the middle stone age/late stone age transition Ϸ40,000 BP (58), although, as in Europe, there is scattered earlier evidence of fish consumption in Africa (59). Therefore, the differences in diets may simply be linked to adaptive and technological changes between these 2 time periods, and their cultural complexes, probably analogous to the clear dietary changes from marine to terrestrial foods at the Mesolithic to Neolithic transition in Northern Europe (60,61).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic evidence for the diets of European Neanderthals and early modern humans

Richards

Trinkaus

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

314

168

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We report here on the direct isotopic evidence for Neanderthal and early modern human diets in Europe. Isotopic methods indicate the sources of dietary protein over many years of life, and show that Neanderthals had a similar diet through time (Ϸ120,000 to Ϸ37,000 cal BP) and in different regions of Europe. The isotopic evidence indicates that in all cases Neanderthals were top-level carnivores and obtained all, or most, of their dietary protein from large herbivores. In contrast, early modern humans (Ϸ40,000 to Ϸ27,000 cal BP) exhibited a wider range of isotopic values, and a number of individuals had evidence for the consumption of aquatic (marine and freshwater) resources. This pattern includes Oase 1, the oldest directly dated modern human in Europe (Ϸ40,000 cal BP) with the highest nitrogen isotope value of all of the humans studied, likely because of freshwater fish consumption. As Oase 1 was close in time to the last Neanderthals, these data may indicate a significant dietary shift associated with the changing population dynamics of modern human emergence in Europe.Europe ͉ isotopes ͉ collagen ͉ fishing

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic evidence for the diets of European Neanderthals and early modern humans

Richards

Trinkaus

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

314

168

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“…Points are reported as far back as 90 ka, at Katanda, Zaire, where they are associated with siluriform (Clarias, some Synodontis) material (Yellen et al, 1995).…”

Section: Human Interaction With the Fish Faunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary fossil fish from the Kibish Formation, Omo Valley, Ethiopia

Trapani

2008

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…Spear fishing is an ancient fishing technique (Yellen et al 1995), but it is particularly controversial and generates intense debate (Lincoln Smith et al 1989, Smith andNakaya 2002). There are few studies on its consequences (Jouvenel andPollard 2001, Morales-Nin et al 2005), and these are contradictory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of spear fishing by using competitions records and underwater visual censuses

Pita¹,

Freire²

2011

Sci. Mar.

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Summary:Recreational fishers are increasingly competing for space and resources with commercial fishers worldwide, but have been poorly studied. In particular, the impacts of spearfishing competitions on the temperate fish assemblages have seldom been analysed. In Galicia (NW Spain), there are currently 5000 spear fishers, and 500 of them participate in spearfishing competitions. An historic archive of spearfishing competitions was used to assess their influence on the subsequent competitions in the area and to analyse their effect on the fish abundances estimated by underwater visual censuses. The annual recreational catch of the spear fishers was also estimated and comparisons with the commercial landings were performed. The spear fishers targeted 29 species, although six accounted for 95% of the catch. Most of the species show low vulnerabilities to fishing pressure and only Dicentrarchus labrax, among frequently caught species, can be considered as moderately vulnerable. The overall impact of spearfishing competitions on fish populations was limited, although some competitions temporarily reduced the abundances of Labrus bergylta, the main target species, by up to 83%. Spear fishers caught a large proportion of the total catch of common species, with recreational catches of some species (e.g. L. bergylta) matching or exceeding the commercial catch. The inclusion of this fishery in the management models of the coastal ecosystems is strongly recommended.Keywords: underwater visual censuses; fish assemblages; recreational fisheries; spear fishing; fishing impacts; coastal ecosystems.Evaluación del impacto de la pesca submarina mediante el uso de registros de concursos y censos visuales subacuáticos Resumen: Los pescadores recreativos compiten cada vez más intensamente por el espacio y los recursos con los pescadores comerciales en todo el mundo, pero han sido poco estudiados. En particular, rara vez se han analizado los impactos de los concursos de pesca submarina sobre las comunidades de peces propias de las regiones templadas. En Galicia (noroeste de España), en la actualidad hay 5000 pescadores submarinos, y 500 de ellos participan en concursos. Se utilizó un archivo histórico de competiciones de pesca submarina para evaluar su influencia sobre los concursos celebrados posteriormente en la zona y para analizar su efecto sobre las abundancias de peces, estimadas mediante censos visuales subacuáticos (UVC). Además, se estimaron las capturas recreativas anuales de los pescadores submarinos y se realizaron comparaciones con los desembarques comerciales. Los pescadores submarinos capturaron 29 especies, aunque seis representaron el 95% de sus capturas. La mayor parte de las especies muestran bajas vulnerabilidades a la presión pesquera y sólo Dicentrarchus labrax, de entre las especies capturadas con frecuencia, puede ser considerada como moderadamente vulnerable. El impacto global de los concursos de pesca submarina sobre las poblaciones de peces fue limitado, aunque algunos concursos redujeron temporalmente las...

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A Middle Stone Age Worked Bone Industry from Katanda, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire

Cited by 346 publications

References 20 publications

Isotopic evidence for the diets of European Neanderthals and early modern humans

Isotopic evidence for the diets of European Neanderthals and early modern humans

Quaternary fossil fish from the Kibish Formation, Omo Valley, Ethiopia

Assessing the impact of spear fishing by using competitions records and underwater visual censuses

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